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General description of the gene and the encoded protein(s) using information from HGNC and Ensembl, as well as predictions made by the Human Protein Atlas project.
Gene namei
Official gene symbol, which is typically a short form of the gene name, according to HGNC.
Assigned HPA protein class(es) for the encoded protein(s).
Disease related genes Enzymes Human disease related genes Potential drug targets
Predicted locationi
All transcripts of all genes have been analyzed regarding the location(s) of corresponding protein based on prediction methods for signal peptides and transmembrane regions.
Genes with at least one transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, according to prediction methods or to UniProt location data, have been further annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are secreted or actually retained in intracellular locations or membrane-attached.
Remaining genes, with no transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, will be assigned the prediction-based location(s).
The annotated location overrules the predicted location, so that a gene encoding a predicted secreted protein that has been annotated as intracellular will have intracellular as the final location.
Gene information from Ensembl and Entrez, as well as links to available gene identifiers are displayed here. Information was retrieved from Ensembl if not indicated otherwise.
Chromosome
2
Cytoband
p22.2
Chromosome location (bp)
37099210 - 37157522
Number of transcriptsi
Number of protein-coding transcripts from the gene as defined by Ensembl.
Useful information about the protein provided by UniProt.
IFN-induced dsRNA-dependent serine/threonine-protein kinase that phosphorylates the alpha subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (EIF2S1/eIF-2-alpha) and plays a key role in the innate immune response to viral infection 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8. Inhibits viral replication via the integrated stress response (ISR): EIF2S1/eIF-2-alpha phosphorylation in response to viral infection converts EIF2S1/eIF-2-alpha in a global protein synthesis inhibitor, resulting to a shutdown of cellular and viral protein synthesis, while concomitantly initiating the preferential translation of ISR-specific mRNAs, such as the transcriptional activator ATF4 9,10,11,12. Exerts its antiviral activity on a wide range of DNA and RNA viruses including hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), measles virus (MV) and herpes simplex virus 1 (HHV-1) 13,14,15,16,17,18,19. Also involved in the regulation of signal transduction, apoptosis, cell proliferation and differentiation: phosphorylates other substrates including p53/TP53, PPP2R5A, DHX9, ILF3, IRS1 and the HHV-1 viral protein US11 20,21,22. In addition to serine/threonine-protein kinase activity, also has tyrosine-protein kinase activity and phosphorylates CDK1 at 'Tyr-4' upon DNA damage, facilitating its ubiquitination and proteosomal degradation 23. Either as an adapter protein and/or via its kinase activity, can regulate various signaling pathways (p38 MAP kinase, NF-kappa-B and insulin signaling pathways) and transcription factors (JUN, STAT1, STAT3, IRF1, ATF3) involved in the expression of genes encoding pro-inflammatory cytokines and IFNs 24,25,26. Activates the NF-kappa-B pathway via interaction with IKBKB and TRAF family of proteins and activates the p38 MAP kinase pathway via interaction with MAP2K6 27,28,29. Can act as both a positive and negative regulator of the insulin signaling pathway (ISP) 30. Negatively regulates ISP by inducing the inhibitory phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) at 'Ser-312' and positively regulates ISP via phosphorylation of PPP2R5A which activates FOXO1, which in turn up-regulates the expression of insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2) 31. Can regulate NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and the activation of NLRP3, NLRP1, AIM2 and NLRC4 inflammasomes 32. Plays a role in the regulation of the cytoskeleton by binding to gelsolin (GSN), sequestering the protein in an inactive conformation away from actin (By similarity)....show less
Molecular function (UniProt)i
Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins due to their particular molecular function.
Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins because they bind, are associated with, or whose activity is dependent of some molecule.
ATP-binding, Nucleotide-binding
Gene summary (Entrez)i
Useful information about the gene from Entrez
The protein encoded by this gene is a serine/threonine protein kinase that is activated by autophosphorylation after binding to dsRNA. The activated form of the encoded protein can phosphorylate translation initiation factor EIF2S1, which in turn inhibits protein synthesis. This protein is also activated by manganese ions and heparin. The encoded protein plays an important role in the innate immune response against multiple DNA and RNA viruses. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2021]...show less
PROTEIN INFORMATIONi
The protein information section displays alternative protein-coding transcripts (splice variants) encoded by this gene according to the Ensembl database.
The ENSP identifier links to the Ensembl website protein summary, while the ENST identifier links to the Ensembl website transcript summary for the selected splice variant. The data in the UniProt column can be expanded to show links to all matching UniProt identifiers for this protein.
The protein classes assigned to this protein are shown if expanding the data in the protein class column. Parent protein classes are in bold font and subclasses are listed under the parent class.
The Gene Ontology terms assigned to this protein are listed if expanding the Gene ontology column. The length of the protein (amino acid residues according to Ensembl), molecular mass (kDalton), predicted signal peptide (according to a majority of the signal peptide predictors SPOCTOPUS, SignalP 4.0, and Phobius) and the number of predicted transmembrane region(s) (according to MDM) are also reported.
P19525 [Direct mapping] Interferon-induced, double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase
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Enzymes ENZYME proteins Transferases Kinases SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Disease related genes Potential drug targets Human disease related genes Nervous system diseases Neurodegenerative diseases Other nervous and sensory system diseases Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
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GO:0000166[nucleotide binding] GO:0001819[positive regulation of cytokine production] GO:0002376[immune system process] GO:0003723[RNA binding] GO:0003725[double-stranded RNA binding] GO:0004672[protein kinase activity] GO:0004674[protein serine/threonine kinase activity] GO:0004694[eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2alpha kinase activity] GO:0004713[protein tyrosine kinase activity] GO:0004715[non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine kinase activity] GO:0005515[protein binding] GO:0005524[ATP binding] GO:0005634[nucleus] GO:0005737[cytoplasm] GO:0005829[cytosol] GO:0005840[ribosome] GO:0006412[translation] GO:0006468[protein phosphorylation] GO:0008285[negative regulation of cell population proliferation] GO:0009615[response to virus] GO:0010998[regulation of translational initiation by eIF2 alpha phosphorylation] GO:0016020[membrane] GO:0016301[kinase activity] GO:0016310[phosphorylation] GO:0016740[transferase activity] GO:0017148[negative regulation of translation] GO:0018108[peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation] GO:0019888[protein phosphatase regulator activity] GO:0030968[endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response] GO:0032722[positive regulation of chemokine production] GO:0032874[positive regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade] GO:0033689[negative regulation of osteoblast proliferation] GO:0034198[cellular response to amino acid starvation] GO:0035455[response to interferon-alpha] GO:0042802[identical protein binding] GO:0043066[negative regulation of apoptotic process] GO:0043410[positive regulation of MAPK cascade] GO:0045071[negative regulation of viral genome replication] GO:0045087[innate immune response] GO:0046777[protein autophosphorylation] GO:0048471[perinuclear region of cytoplasm] GO:0051092[positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity] GO:0051607[defense response to virus] GO:0106310[protein serine kinase activity] GO:1900225[regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome complex assembly] GO:1901224[positive regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling] GO:1901532[regulation of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation] GO:1902033[regulation of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation] GO:1902036[regulation of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation]
P19525 [Direct mapping] Interferon-induced, double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase
Show all
Enzymes ENZYME proteins Transferases Kinases SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Disease related genes Potential drug targets Human disease related genes Nervous system diseases Neurodegenerative diseases Other nervous and sensory system diseases Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
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GO:0000166[nucleotide binding] GO:0001819[positive regulation of cytokine production] GO:0002376[immune system process] GO:0003723[RNA binding] GO:0003725[double-stranded RNA binding] GO:0004672[protein kinase activity] GO:0004674[protein serine/threonine kinase activity] GO:0004694[eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2alpha kinase activity] GO:0004713[protein tyrosine kinase activity] GO:0004715[non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine kinase activity] GO:0005515[protein binding] GO:0005524[ATP binding] GO:0005634[nucleus] GO:0005737[cytoplasm] GO:0005829[cytosol] GO:0005840[ribosome] GO:0006468[protein phosphorylation] GO:0008285[negative regulation of cell population proliferation] GO:0009615[response to virus] GO:0010998[regulation of translational initiation by eIF2 alpha phosphorylation] GO:0016020[membrane] GO:0016301[kinase activity] GO:0016310[phosphorylation] GO:0016740[transferase activity] GO:0017148[negative regulation of translation] GO:0018108[peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation] GO:0019888[protein phosphatase regulator activity] GO:0032722[positive regulation of chemokine production] GO:0032874[positive regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade] GO:0033689[negative regulation of osteoblast proliferation] GO:0034198[cellular response to amino acid starvation] GO:0035455[response to interferon-alpha] GO:0042802[identical protein binding] GO:0043410[positive regulation of MAPK cascade] GO:0045071[negative regulation of viral genome replication] GO:0045087[innate immune response] GO:0046777[protein autophosphorylation] GO:0048471[perinuclear region of cytoplasm] GO:0051092[positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity] GO:0051607[defense response to virus] GO:0106310[protein serine kinase activity] GO:1900225[regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome complex assembly] GO:1901224[positive regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling] GO:1901532[regulation of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation] GO:1902033[regulation of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation] GO:1902036[regulation of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation]
P19525 [Direct mapping] Interferon-induced, double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase
Show all
Enzymes ENZYME proteins Transferases Kinases Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Disease related genes Potential drug targets Human disease related genes Nervous system diseases Neurodegenerative diseases Other nervous and sensory system diseases Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
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GO:0000166[nucleotide binding] GO:0001819[positive regulation of cytokine production] GO:0002376[immune system process] GO:0003723[RNA binding] GO:0003725[double-stranded RNA binding] GO:0004672[protein kinase activity] GO:0004674[protein serine/threonine kinase activity] GO:0004694[eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2alpha kinase activity] GO:0004713[protein tyrosine kinase activity] GO:0004715[non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine kinase activity] GO:0005515[protein binding] GO:0005524[ATP binding] GO:0005634[nucleus] GO:0005737[cytoplasm] GO:0005829[cytosol] GO:0005840[ribosome] GO:0006468[protein phosphorylation] GO:0008285[negative regulation of cell population proliferation] GO:0009615[response to virus] GO:0010998[regulation of translational initiation by eIF2 alpha phosphorylation] GO:0016020[membrane] GO:0016301[kinase activity] GO:0016310[phosphorylation] GO:0016740[transferase activity] GO:0017148[negative regulation of translation] GO:0018108[peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation] GO:0019888[protein phosphatase regulator activity] GO:0032722[positive regulation of chemokine production] GO:0032874[positive regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade] GO:0033689[negative regulation of osteoblast proliferation] GO:0034198[cellular response to amino acid starvation] GO:0035455[response to interferon-alpha] GO:0042802[identical protein binding] GO:0043410[positive regulation of MAPK cascade] GO:0045071[negative regulation of viral genome replication] GO:0045087[innate immune response] GO:0046777[protein autophosphorylation] GO:0048471[perinuclear region of cytoplasm] GO:0051092[positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity] GO:0051607[defense response to virus] GO:0106310[protein serine kinase activity] GO:1900225[regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome complex assembly] GO:1901224[positive regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling] GO:1901532[regulation of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation] GO:1902033[regulation of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation] GO:1902036[regulation of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation]
P19525 [Direct mapping] Interferon-induced, double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase
Show all
Enzymes ENZYME proteins Transferases Kinases SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Disease related genes Potential drug targets Human disease related genes Nervous system diseases Neurodegenerative diseases Other nervous and sensory system diseases Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0000166[nucleotide binding] GO:0001819[positive regulation of cytokine production] GO:0002376[immune system process] GO:0003723[RNA binding] GO:0003725[double-stranded RNA binding] GO:0004672[protein kinase activity] GO:0004674[protein serine/threonine kinase activity] GO:0004694[eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2alpha kinase activity] GO:0004713[protein tyrosine kinase activity] GO:0004715[non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine kinase activity] GO:0005515[protein binding] GO:0005524[ATP binding] GO:0005634[nucleus] GO:0005737[cytoplasm] GO:0005829[cytosol] GO:0005840[ribosome] GO:0006468[protein phosphorylation] GO:0008285[negative regulation of cell population proliferation] GO:0009615[response to virus] GO:0010998[regulation of translational initiation by eIF2 alpha phosphorylation] GO:0016020[membrane] GO:0016301[kinase activity] GO:0016310[phosphorylation] GO:0016740[transferase activity] GO:0017148[negative regulation of translation] GO:0018108[peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation] GO:0019888[protein phosphatase regulator activity] GO:0032722[positive regulation of chemokine production] GO:0032874[positive regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade] GO:0033689[negative regulation of osteoblast proliferation] GO:0034198[cellular response to amino acid starvation] GO:0035455[response to interferon-alpha] GO:0042802[identical protein binding] GO:0043410[positive regulation of MAPK cascade] GO:0045071[negative regulation of viral genome replication] GO:0045087[innate immune response] GO:0046777[protein autophosphorylation] GO:0048471[perinuclear region of cytoplasm] GO:0051092[positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity] GO:0051607[defense response to virus] GO:0106310[protein serine kinase activity] GO:1900225[regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome complex assembly] GO:1901224[positive regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling] GO:1901532[regulation of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation] GO:1902033[regulation of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation] GO:1902036[regulation of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation]
A0A7P0Z4M0 [Direct mapping] Interferon-induced, double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase
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Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Human disease related genes Nervous system diseases Neurodegenerative diseases Other nervous and sensory system diseases Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
A0A7P0TAL9 [Direct mapping] Interferon-induced, double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase
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SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Human disease related genes Nervous system diseases Neurodegenerative diseases Other nervous and sensory system diseases Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
P19525 [Direct mapping] Interferon-induced, double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase
Show all
Enzymes ENZYME proteins Transferases Kinases SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Disease related genes Potential drug targets Human disease related genes Nervous system diseases Neurodegenerative diseases Other nervous and sensory system diseases Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0000166[nucleotide binding] GO:0001819[positive regulation of cytokine production] GO:0002376[immune system process] GO:0003723[RNA binding] GO:0003725[double-stranded RNA binding] GO:0004672[protein kinase activity] GO:0004674[protein serine/threonine kinase activity] GO:0004694[eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2alpha kinase activity] GO:0004713[protein tyrosine kinase activity] GO:0004715[non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine kinase activity] GO:0005515[protein binding] GO:0005524[ATP binding] GO:0005634[nucleus] GO:0005737[cytoplasm] GO:0005829[cytosol] GO:0005840[ribosome] GO:0006468[protein phosphorylation] GO:0008285[negative regulation of cell population proliferation] GO:0009615[response to virus] GO:0010998[regulation of translational initiation by eIF2 alpha phosphorylation] GO:0016020[membrane] GO:0016301[kinase activity] GO:0016310[phosphorylation] GO:0016740[transferase activity] GO:0017148[negative regulation of translation] GO:0018108[peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation] GO:0019888[protein phosphatase regulator activity] GO:0032722[positive regulation of chemokine production] GO:0032874[positive regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade] GO:0033689[negative regulation of osteoblast proliferation] GO:0034198[cellular response to amino acid starvation] GO:0035455[response to interferon-alpha] GO:0042802[identical protein binding] GO:0043410[positive regulation of MAPK cascade] GO:0045071[negative regulation of viral genome replication] GO:0045087[innate immune response] GO:0046777[protein autophosphorylation] GO:0048471[perinuclear region of cytoplasm] GO:0051092[positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity] GO:0051607[defense response to virus] GO:0106310[protein serine kinase activity] GO:1900225[regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome complex assembly] GO:1901224[positive regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling] GO:1901532[regulation of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation] GO:1902033[regulation of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation] GO:1902036[regulation of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation]
P19525 [Direct mapping] Interferon-induced, double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase
Show all
Enzymes ENZYME proteins Transferases Kinases SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Disease related genes Potential drug targets Human disease related genes Nervous system diseases Neurodegenerative diseases Other nervous and sensory system diseases Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0000166[nucleotide binding] GO:0001819[positive regulation of cytokine production] GO:0002376[immune system process] GO:0003723[RNA binding] GO:0003725[double-stranded RNA binding] GO:0004672[protein kinase activity] GO:0004674[protein serine/threonine kinase activity] GO:0004694[eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2alpha kinase activity] GO:0004713[protein tyrosine kinase activity] GO:0004715[non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine kinase activity] GO:0005515[protein binding] GO:0005524[ATP binding] GO:0005634[nucleus] GO:0005737[cytoplasm] GO:0005829[cytosol] GO:0005840[ribosome] GO:0006468[protein phosphorylation] GO:0008285[negative regulation of cell population proliferation] GO:0009615[response to virus] GO:0010998[regulation of translational initiation by eIF2 alpha phosphorylation] GO:0016020[membrane] GO:0016301[kinase activity] GO:0016310[phosphorylation] GO:0016740[transferase activity] GO:0017148[negative regulation of translation] GO:0018108[peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation] GO:0019888[protein phosphatase regulator activity] GO:0032722[positive regulation of chemokine production] GO:0032874[positive regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade] GO:0033689[negative regulation of osteoblast proliferation] GO:0034198[cellular response to amino acid starvation] GO:0035455[response to interferon-alpha] GO:0042802[identical protein binding] GO:0043410[positive regulation of MAPK cascade] GO:0045071[negative regulation of viral genome replication] GO:0045087[innate immune response] GO:0046777[protein autophosphorylation] GO:0048471[perinuclear region of cytoplasm] GO:0051092[positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity] GO:0051607[defense response to virus] GO:0106310[protein serine kinase activity] GO:1900225[regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome complex assembly] GO:1901224[positive regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling] GO:1901532[regulation of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation] GO:1902033[regulation of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation] GO:1902036[regulation of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation]
A0A7P0TBA9 [Direct mapping] Interferon-induced, double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase
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SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Human disease related genes Nervous system diseases Neurodegenerative diseases Other nervous and sensory system diseases Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
The Human Protein Atlas project is funded
