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General description of the gene and the encoded protein(s) using information from HGNC and Ensembl, as well as predictions made by the Human Protein Atlas project.
Gene namei
Official gene symbol, which is typically a short form of the gene name, according to HGNC.
Assigned HPA protein class(es) for the encoded protein(s).
Cancer-related genes
Predicted locationi
All transcripts of all genes have been analyzed regarding the location(s) of corresponding protein based on prediction methods for signal peptides and transmembrane regions.
Genes with at least one transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, according to prediction methods or to UniProt location data, have been further annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are secreted or actually retained in intracellular locations or membrane-attached.
Remaining genes, with no transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, will be assigned the prediction-based location(s).
The annotated location overrules the predicted location, so that a gene encoding a predicted secreted protein that has been annotated as intracellular will have intracellular as the final location.
Gene information from Ensembl and Entrez, as well as links to available gene identifiers are displayed here. Information was retrieved from Ensembl if not indicated otherwise.
Chromosome
4
Cytoband
p15.2
Chromosome location (bp)
23755041 - 23904089
Number of transcriptsi
Number of protein-coding transcripts from the gene as defined by Ensembl.
Useful information about the protein provided by UniProt.
Transcriptional coactivator for steroid receptors and nuclear receptors 1,2,3. Greatly increases the transcriptional activity of PPARG and thyroid hormone receptor on the uncoupling protein promoter 4,5,6. Can regulate key mitochondrial genes that contribute to the program of adaptive thermogenesis 7,8,9. Plays an essential role in metabolic reprogramming in response to dietary availability through coordination of the expression of a wide array of genes involved in glucose and fatty acid metabolism 10,11,12. Acts as a key regulator of gluconeogenesis: stimulates hepatic gluconeogenesis by increasing the expression of gluconeogenic enzymes, and acting together with FOXO1 to promote the fasting gluconeogenic program 13,14. Induces the expression of PERM1 in the skeletal muscle in an ESRRA-dependent manner 15. Also involved in the integration of the circadian rhythms and energy metabolism (By similarity). Required for oscillatory expression of clock genes, such as BMAL1 and NR1D1, through the coactivation of RORA and RORC, and metabolic genes, such as PDK4 and PEPCK (By similarity)....show less
Molecular function (UniProt)i
Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins due to their particular molecular function.
Activator, RNA-binding
Biological process (UniProt)i
Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins because they are involved in a particular biological process.
The protein encoded by this gene is a transcriptional coactivator that regulates the genes involved in energy metabolism. This protein interacts with PPARgamma, which permits the interaction of this protein with multiple transcription factors. This protein can interact with, and regulate the activities of, cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) and nuclear respiratory factors (NRFs). It provides a direct link between external physiological stimuli and the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis, and is a major factor that regulates muscle fiber type determination. This protein may be also involved in controlling blood pressure, regulating cellular cholesterol homoeostasis, and the development of obesity. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]...show less
PROTEIN INFORMATIONi
The protein information section displays alternative protein-coding transcripts (splice variants) encoded by this gene according to the Ensembl database.
The ENSP identifier links to the Ensembl website protein summary, while the ENST identifier links to the Ensembl website transcript summary for the selected splice variant. The data in the UniProt column can be expanded to show links to all matching UniProt identifiers for this protein.
The protein classes assigned to this protein are shown if expanding the data in the protein class column. Parent protein classes are in bold font and subclasses are listed under the parent class.
The Gene Ontology terms assigned to this protein are listed if expanding the Gene ontology column. The length of the protein (amino acid residues according to Ensembl), molecular mass (kDalton), predicted signal peptide (according to a majority of the signal peptide predictors SPOCTOPUS, SignalP 4.0, and Phobius) and the number of predicted transmembrane region(s) (according to MDM) are also reported.
Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Cancer-related genes Candidate cancer biomarkers Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level
Show all
GO:0000785[chromatin] GO:0001659[temperature homeostasis] GO:0001678[cellular glucose homeostasis] GO:0002021[response to dietary excess] GO:0003676[nucleic acid binding] GO:0003677[DNA binding] GO:0003712[transcription coregulator activity] GO:0003713[transcription coactivator activity] GO:0003723[RNA binding] GO:0005102[signaling receptor binding] GO:0005515[protein binding] GO:0005634[nucleus] GO:0005654[nucleoplasm] GO:0005737[cytoplasm] GO:0006094[gluconeogenesis] GO:0006351[DNA-templated transcription] GO:0006355[regulation of DNA-templated transcription] GO:0006367[transcription initiation at RNA polymerase II promoter] GO:0006397[mRNA processing] GO:0007005[mitochondrion organization] GO:0007586[digestion] GO:0008134[transcription factor binding] GO:0008380[RNA splicing] GO:0010628[positive regulation of gene expression] GO:0010822[positive regulation of mitochondrion organization] GO:0014850[response to muscle activity] GO:0016605[PML body] GO:0016922[nuclear receptor binding] GO:0019395[fatty acid oxidation] GO:0022904[respiratory electron transport chain] GO:0030374[nuclear receptor coactivator activity] GO:0031490[chromatin DNA binding] GO:0031625[ubiquitin protein ligase binding] GO:0032922[circadian regulation of gene expression] GO:0034599[cellular response to oxidative stress] GO:0035066[positive regulation of histone acetylation] GO:0042594[response to starvation] GO:0042752[regulation of circadian rhythm] GO:0043231[intracellular membrane-bounded organelle] GO:0043524[negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process] GO:0043565[sequence-specific DNA binding] GO:0045333[cellular respiration] GO:0045722[positive regulation of gluconeogenesis] GO:0045893[positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription] GO:0045944[positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II] GO:0046321[positive regulation of fatty acid oxidation] GO:0048511[rhythmic process] GO:0048662[negative regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation] GO:0050821[protein stabilization] GO:0050873[brown fat cell differentiation] GO:0051091[positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity] GO:0051402[neuron apoptotic process] GO:0060612[adipose tissue development] GO:0061629[RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding] GO:0065003[protein-containing complex assembly] GO:0097009[energy homeostasis] GO:0120162[positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis] GO:0140297[DNA-binding transcription factor binding] GO:1901215[negative regulation of neuron death] GO:1901857[positive regulation of cellular respiration] GO:1901860[positive regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process] GO:1901863[positive regulation of muscle tissue development] GO:2001171[positive regulation of ATP biosynthetic process]
Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Cancer-related genes Candidate cancer biomarkers Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level
Show all
GO:0000785[chromatin] GO:0001659[temperature homeostasis] GO:0001678[cellular glucose homeostasis] GO:0003676[nucleic acid binding] GO:0003677[DNA binding] GO:0003712[transcription coregulator activity] GO:0003713[transcription coactivator activity] GO:0003723[RNA binding] GO:0005102[signaling receptor binding] GO:0005515[protein binding] GO:0005634[nucleus] GO:0005654[nucleoplasm] GO:0005737[cytoplasm] GO:0006094[gluconeogenesis] GO:0006355[regulation of DNA-templated transcription] GO:0006367[transcription initiation at RNA polymerase II promoter] GO:0006397[mRNA processing] GO:0007005[mitochondrion organization] GO:0007586[digestion] GO:0008134[transcription factor binding] GO:0008380[RNA splicing] GO:0010628[positive regulation of gene expression] GO:0010822[positive regulation of mitochondrion organization] GO:0014850[response to muscle activity] GO:0016605[PML body] GO:0016922[nuclear receptor binding] GO:0019395[fatty acid oxidation] GO:0022904[respiratory electron transport chain] GO:0030374[nuclear receptor coactivator activity] GO:0031490[chromatin DNA binding] GO:0031625[ubiquitin protein ligase binding] GO:0032922[circadian regulation of gene expression] GO:0034599[cellular response to oxidative stress] GO:0035066[positive regulation of histone acetylation] GO:0042594[response to starvation] GO:0042752[regulation of circadian rhythm] GO:0043231[intracellular membrane-bounded organelle] GO:0043524[negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process] GO:0043565[sequence-specific DNA binding] GO:0045333[cellular respiration] GO:0045722[positive regulation of gluconeogenesis] GO:0045893[positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription] GO:0045944[positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II] GO:0046321[positive regulation of fatty acid oxidation] GO:0048511[rhythmic process] GO:0048662[negative regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation] GO:0050821[protein stabilization] GO:0050873[brown fat cell differentiation] GO:0051091[positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity] GO:0065003[protein-containing complex assembly] GO:0097009[energy homeostasis] GO:0120162[positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis] GO:0140297[DNA-binding transcription factor binding] GO:1901215[negative regulation of neuron death] GO:2001171[positive regulation of ATP biosynthetic process]
The Human Protein Atlas project is funded
