We use cookies to enhance the usability of our website. If you continue, we'll assume that you are happy to receive all cookies. More information. Don't show this again.
General description of the gene and the encoded protein(s) using information from HGNC and Ensembl, as well as predictions made by the Human Protein Atlas project.
Gene namei
Official gene symbol, which is typically a short form of the gene name, according to HGNC.
Assigned HPA protein class(es) for the encoded protein(s).
Cancer-related genes Disease related genes Human disease related genes
Predicted locationi
All transcripts of all genes have been analyzed regarding the location(s) of corresponding protein based on prediction methods for signal peptides and transmembrane regions.
Genes with at least one transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, according to prediction methods or to UniProt location data, have been further annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are secreted or actually retained in intracellular locations or membrane-attached.
Remaining genes, with no transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, will be assigned the prediction-based location(s).
The annotated location overrules the predicted location, so that a gene encoding a predicted secreted protein that has been annotated as intracellular will have intracellular as the final location.
Gene information from Ensembl and Entrez, as well as links to available gene identifiers are displayed here. Information was retrieved from Ensembl if not indicated otherwise.
Chromosome
2
Cytoband
p23.3
Chromosome location (bp)
25160853 - 25168903
Number of transcriptsi
Number of protein-coding transcripts from the gene as defined by Ensembl.
Useful information about the protein provided by UniProt.
[Corticotropin]: Stimulates the adrenal glands to release cortisol....show less
Molecular function (UniProt)i
Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins due to their particular molecular function.
Endorphin, Hormone
Gene summary (Entrez)i
Useful information about the gene from Entrez
This gene encodes a preproprotein that undergoes extensive, tissue-specific, post-translational processing via cleavage by subtilisin-like enzymes known as prohormone convertases. There are eight potential cleavage sites within the preproprotein and, depending on tissue type and the available convertases, processing may yield as many as ten biologically active peptides involved in diverse cellular functions. The encoded protein is synthesized mainly in corticotroph cells of the anterior pituitary where four cleavage sites are used; adrenocorticotrophin, essential for normal steroidogenesis and the maintenance of normal adrenal weight, and lipotropin beta are the major end products. In other tissues, including the hypothalamus, placenta, and epithelium, all cleavage sites may be used, giving rise to peptides with roles in pain and energy homeostasis, melanocyte stimulation, and immune modulation. These include several distinct melanotropins, lipotropins, and endorphins that are contained within the adrenocorticotrophin and beta-lipotropin peptides. The antimicrobial melanotropin alpha peptide exhibits antibacterial and antifungal activity. Mutations in this gene have been associated with early onset obesity, adrenal insufficiency, and red hair pigmentation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016]...show less
PROTEIN INFORMATIONi
The protein information section displays alternative protein-coding transcripts (splice variants) encoded by this gene according to the Ensembl database.
The ENSP identifier links to the Ensembl website protein summary, while the ENST identifier links to the Ensembl website transcript summary for the selected splice variant. The data in the UniProt column can be expanded to show links to all matching UniProt identifiers for this protein.
The protein classes assigned to this protein are shown if expanding the data in the protein class column. Parent protein classes are in bold font and subclasses are listed under the parent class.
The Gene Ontology terms assigned to this protein are listed if expanding the Gene ontology column. The length of the protein (amino acid residues according to Ensembl), molecular mass (kDalton), predicted signal peptide (according to a majority of the signal peptide predictors SPOCTOPUS, SignalP 4.0, and Phobius) and the number of predicted transmembrane region(s) (according to MDM) are also reported.
Predicted secreted proteins Secreted proteins predicted by MDSEC SignalP predicted secreted proteins Phobius predicted secreted proteins SPOCTOPUS predicted secreted proteins Cancer-related genes Candidate cancer biomarkers Disease related genes Human disease related genes Endocrine and metabolic diseases Other endocrine and metabolic diseases Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level
Show all
GO:0001664[G protein-coupled receptor binding] GO:0005102[signaling receptor binding] GO:0005179[hormone activity] GO:0005515[protein binding] GO:0005576[extracellular region] GO:0005615[extracellular space] GO:0005737[cytoplasm] GO:0006091[generation of precursor metabolites and energy] GO:0007165[signal transduction] GO:0007218[neuropeptide signaling pathway] GO:0007267[cell-cell signaling] GO:0008217[regulation of blood pressure] GO:0019722[calcium-mediated signaling] GO:0030141[secretory granule] GO:0031781[type 3 melanocortin receptor binding] GO:0031782[type 4 melanocortin receptor binding] GO:0032098[regulation of appetite] GO:0032720[negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production] GO:0033059[cellular pigmentation] GO:0034774[secretory granule lumen] GO:0043950[positive regulation of cAMP-mediated signaling] GO:0045944[positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II] GO:0070996[type 1 melanocortin receptor binding] GO:1990680[response to melanocyte-stimulating hormone] GO:2000852[regulation of corticosterone secretion]
Predicted secreted proteins Secreted proteins predicted by MDSEC SignalP predicted secreted proteins Phobius predicted secreted proteins SPOCTOPUS predicted secreted proteins Cancer-related genes Candidate cancer biomarkers Disease related genes Human disease related genes Endocrine and metabolic diseases Other endocrine and metabolic diseases Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level
Show all
GO:0001664[G protein-coupled receptor binding] GO:0005102[signaling receptor binding] GO:0005179[hormone activity] GO:0005515[protein binding] GO:0005576[extracellular region] GO:0005615[extracellular space] GO:0005737[cytoplasm] GO:0006091[generation of precursor metabolites and energy] GO:0007165[signal transduction] GO:0007218[neuropeptide signaling pathway] GO:0007267[cell-cell signaling] GO:0008217[regulation of blood pressure] GO:0019722[calcium-mediated signaling] GO:0030141[secretory granule] GO:0031781[type 3 melanocortin receptor binding] GO:0031782[type 4 melanocortin receptor binding] GO:0032098[regulation of appetite] GO:0032720[negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production] GO:0033059[cellular pigmentation] GO:0034774[secretory granule lumen] GO:0043950[positive regulation of cAMP-mediated signaling] GO:0045944[positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II] GO:0070996[type 1 melanocortin receptor binding] GO:1990680[response to melanocyte-stimulating hormone] GO:2000852[regulation of corticosterone secretion]
Predicted secreted proteins Secreted proteins predicted by MDSEC SignalP predicted secreted proteins Phobius predicted secreted proteins SPOCTOPUS predicted secreted proteins Cancer-related genes Candidate cancer biomarkers Disease related genes Human disease related genes Endocrine and metabolic diseases Other endocrine and metabolic diseases Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level
Show all
GO:0001664[G protein-coupled receptor binding] GO:0005102[signaling receptor binding] GO:0005179[hormone activity] GO:0005515[protein binding] GO:0005576[extracellular region] GO:0005615[extracellular space] GO:0005737[cytoplasm] GO:0006091[generation of precursor metabolites and energy] GO:0007165[signal transduction] GO:0007218[neuropeptide signaling pathway] GO:0007267[cell-cell signaling] GO:0008217[regulation of blood pressure] GO:0019722[calcium-mediated signaling] GO:0030141[secretory granule] GO:0031781[type 3 melanocortin receptor binding] GO:0031782[type 4 melanocortin receptor binding] GO:0032098[regulation of appetite] GO:0032720[negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production] GO:0033059[cellular pigmentation] GO:0034774[secretory granule lumen] GO:0042593[glucose homeostasis] GO:0043950[positive regulation of cAMP-mediated signaling] GO:0045944[positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II] GO:0070873[regulation of glycogen metabolic process] GO:0070996[type 1 melanocortin receptor binding] GO:0140668[positive regulation of oxytocin production] GO:1990680[response to melanocyte-stimulating hormone] GO:2000852[regulation of corticosterone secretion]
Predicted secreted proteins Secreted proteins predicted by MDSEC SignalP predicted secreted proteins Phobius predicted secreted proteins SPOCTOPUS predicted secreted proteins Cancer-related genes Candidate cancer biomarkers Disease related genes Human disease related genes Endocrine and metabolic diseases Other endocrine and metabolic diseases Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level
Show all
GO:0001664[G protein-coupled receptor binding] GO:0005102[signaling receptor binding] GO:0005179[hormone activity] GO:0005515[protein binding] GO:0005576[extracellular region] GO:0005615[extracellular space] GO:0005737[cytoplasm] GO:0006091[generation of precursor metabolites and energy] GO:0007165[signal transduction] GO:0007218[neuropeptide signaling pathway] GO:0007267[cell-cell signaling] GO:0008217[regulation of blood pressure] GO:0019722[calcium-mediated signaling] GO:0030141[secretory granule] GO:0031781[type 3 melanocortin receptor binding] GO:0031782[type 4 melanocortin receptor binding] GO:0032098[regulation of appetite] GO:0032720[negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production] GO:0033059[cellular pigmentation] GO:0034774[secretory granule lumen] GO:0043950[positive regulation of cAMP-mediated signaling] GO:0045944[positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II] GO:0070996[type 1 melanocortin receptor binding] GO:1990680[response to melanocyte-stimulating hormone] GO:2000852[regulation of corticosterone secretion]
The Human Protein Atlas project is funded
