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General description of the gene and the encoded protein(s) using information from HGNC and Ensembl, as well as predictions made by the Human Protein Atlas project.
Gene namei
Official gene symbol, which is typically a short form of the gene name, according to HGNC.
All transcripts of all genes have been analyzed regarding the location(s) of corresponding protein based on prediction methods for signal peptides and transmembrane regions.
Genes with at least one transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, according to prediction methods or to UniProt location data, have been further annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are secreted or actually retained in intracellular locations or membrane-attached.
Remaining genes, with no transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, will be assigned the prediction-based location(s).
The annotated location overrules the predicted location, so that a gene encoding a predicted secreted protein that has been annotated as intracellular will have intracellular as the final location.
Gene information from Ensembl and Entrez, as well as links to available gene identifiers are displayed here. Information was retrieved from Ensembl if not indicated otherwise.
Chromosome
2
Cytoband
q24.2
Chromosome location (bp)
162142882 - 162152404
Number of transcriptsi
Number of protein-coding transcripts from the gene as defined by Ensembl.
Useful information about the protein provided by UniProt.
[Glucagon]: Plays a key role in glucose metabolism and homeostasis. Regulates blood glucose by increasing gluconeogenesis and decreasing glycolysis. A counterregulatory hormone of insulin, raises plasma glucose levels in response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia. Plays an important role in initiating and maintaining hyperglycemic conditions in diabetes....show less
Molecular function (UniProt)i
Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins due to their particular molecular function.
Hormone
Gene summary (Entrez)i
Useful information about the gene from Entrez
The protein encoded by this gene is actually a preproprotein that is cleaved into four distinct mature peptides. One of these, glucagon, is a pancreatic hormone that counteracts the glucose-lowering action of insulin by stimulating glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. Glucagon is a ligand for a specific G-protein linked receptor whose signalling pathway controls cell proliferation. Two of the other peptides are secreted from gut endocrine cells and promote nutrient absorption through distinct mechanisms. Finally, the fourth peptide is similar to glicentin, an active enteroglucagon. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]...show less
PROTEIN INFORMATIONi
The protein information section displays alternative protein-coding transcripts (splice variants) encoded by this gene according to the Ensembl database.
The ENSP identifier links to the Ensembl website protein summary, while the ENST identifier links to the Ensembl website transcript summary for the selected splice variant. The data in the UniProt column can be expanded to show links to all matching UniProt identifiers for this protein.
The protein classes assigned to this protein are shown if expanding the data in the protein class column. Parent protein classes are in bold font and subclasses are listed under the parent class.
The Gene Ontology terms assigned to this protein are listed if expanding the Gene ontology column. The length of the protein (amino acid residues according to Ensembl), molecular mass (kDalton), predicted signal peptide (according to a majority of the signal peptide predictors SPOCTOPUS, SignalP 4.0, and Phobius) and the number of predicted transmembrane region(s) (according to MDM) are also reported.
MEMSAT3 predicted membrane proteins Predicted secreted proteins Secreted proteins predicted by MDSEC SignalP predicted secreted proteins Phobius predicted secreted proteins SPOCTOPUS predicted secreted proteins Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0005102[signaling receptor binding] GO:0005179[hormone activity] GO:0005515[protein binding] GO:0005576[extracellular region] GO:0005615[extracellular space] GO:0005737[cytoplasm] GO:0005788[endoplasmic reticulum lumen] GO:0006094[gluconeogenesis] GO:0007186[G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway] GO:0007188[adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway] GO:0007189[adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway] GO:0007631[feeding behavior] GO:0010737[protein kinase A signaling] GO:0010800[positive regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation] GO:0014823[response to activity] GO:0031769[glucagon receptor binding] GO:0032092[positive regulation of protein binding] GO:0033138[positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation] GO:0034774[secretory granule lumen] GO:0035774[positive regulation of insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus] GO:0042593[glucose homeostasis] GO:0042802[identical protein binding] GO:0043066[negative regulation of apoptotic process] GO:0045722[positive regulation of gluconeogenesis] GO:0045860[positive regulation of protein kinase activity] GO:0050796[regulation of insulin secretion] GO:0051571[positive regulation of histone H3-K4 methylation] GO:0070374[positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade] GO:0090280[positive regulation of calcium ion import] GO:1900118[negative regulation of execution phase of apoptosis]
The Human Protein Atlas project is funded
