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General description of the gene and the encoded protein(s) using information from HGNC and Ensembl, as well as predictions made by the Human Protein Atlas project.
Gene namei
Official gene symbol, which is typically a short form of the gene name, according to HGNC.
Assigned HPA protein class(es) for the encoded protein(s).
Enzymes
Predicted locationi
All transcripts of all genes have been analyzed regarding the location(s) of corresponding protein based on prediction methods for signal peptides and transmembrane regions.
Genes with at least one transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, according to prediction methods or to UniProt location data, have been further annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are secreted or actually retained in intracellular locations or membrane-attached.
Remaining genes, with no transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, will be assigned the prediction-based location(s).
The annotated location overrules the predicted location, so that a gene encoding a predicted secreted protein that has been annotated as intracellular will have intracellular as the final location.
Gene information from Ensembl and Entrez, as well as links to available gene identifiers are displayed here. Information was retrieved from Ensembl if not indicated otherwise.
Chromosome
12
Cytoband
q23.3
Chromosome location (bp)
103965822 - 103988874
Number of transcriptsi
Number of protein-coding transcripts from the gene as defined by Ensembl.
Useful information about the protein provided by UniProt.
DNA glycosylase that plays a key role in active DNA demethylation: specifically recognizes and binds 5-formylcytosine (5fC) and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC) in the context of CpG sites and mediates their excision through base-excision repair (BER) to install an unmethylated cytosine. Cannot remove 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC). According to an alternative model, involved in DNA demethylation by mediating DNA glycolase activity toward 5-hydroxymethyluracil (5hmU) produced by deamination of 5hmC. Also involved in DNA repair by acting as a thymine-DNA glycosylase that mediates correction of G/T mispairs to G/C pairs: in the DNA of higher eukaryotes, hydrolytic deamination of 5-methylcytosine to thymine leads to the formation of G/T mismatches. Its role in the repair of canonical base damage is however minor compared to its role in DNA demethylation. It is capable of hydrolyzing the carbon-nitrogen bond between the sugar-phosphate backbone of the DNA and a mispaired thymine. In addition to the G/T, it can remove thymine also from C/T and T/T mispairs in the order G/T >> C/T > T/T. It has no detectable activity on apyrimidinic sites and does not catalyze the removal of thymine from A/T pairs or from single-stranded DNA. It can also remove uracil and 5-bromouracil from mispairs with guanine....show less
Molecular function (UniProt)i
Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins due to their particular molecular function.
Activator, Chromatin regulator, Hydrolase
Biological process (UniProt)i
Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins because they are involved in a particular biological process.
DNA damage, DNA repair, Transcription, Transcription regulation
Gene summary (Entrez)i
Useful information about the gene from Entrez
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the TDG/mug DNA glycosylase family. Thymine-DNA glycosylase (TDG) removes thymine moieties from G/T mismatches by hydrolyzing the carbon-nitrogen bond between the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA and the mispaired thymine. With lower activity, this enzyme also removes thymine from C/T and T/T mispairings. TDG can also remove uracil and 5-bromouracil from mispairings with guanine. This enzyme plays a central role in cellular defense against genetic mutation caused by the spontaneous deamination of 5-methylcytosine and cytosine. This gene may have a pseudogene in the p arm of chromosome 12. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]...show less
PROTEIN INFORMATIONi
The protein information section displays alternative protein-coding transcripts (splice variants) encoded by this gene according to the Ensembl database.
The ENSP identifier links to the Ensembl website protein summary, while the ENST identifier links to the Ensembl website transcript summary for the selected splice variant. The data in the UniProt column can be expanded to show links to all matching UniProt identifiers for this protein.
The protein classes assigned to this protein are shown if expanding the data in the protein class column. Parent protein classes are in bold font and subclasses are listed under the parent class.
The Gene Ontology terms assigned to this protein are listed if expanding the Gene ontology column. The length of the protein (amino acid residues according to Ensembl), molecular mass (kDalton), predicted signal peptide (according to a majority of the signal peptide predictors SPOCTOPUS, SignalP 4.0, and Phobius) and the number of predicted transmembrane region(s) (according to MDM) are also reported.
G8JL98 [Direct mapping] G/T mismatch-specific thymine DNA glycosylase
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Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
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GO:0000700[mismatch base pair DNA N-glycosylase activity] GO:0005654[nucleoplasm] GO:0005886[plasma membrane] GO:0006285[base-excision repair, AP site formation] GO:0019104[DNA N-glycosylase activity]
Q13569 [Direct mapping] G/T mismatch-specific thymine DNA glycosylase
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Enzymes ENZYME proteins Hydrolases Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
F5H0I7 [Direct mapping] G/T mismatch-specific thymine DNA glycosylase
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Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
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GO:0000700[mismatch base pair DNA N-glycosylase activity] GO:0005654[nucleoplasm] GO:0005886[plasma membrane] GO:0006285[base-excision repair, AP site formation] GO:0019104[DNA N-glycosylase activity]
B4E127 [Direct mapping] G/T mismatch-specific thymine DNA glycosylase; cDNA FLJ50939, highly similar to G/T mismatch-specific thymine DNA glycosylase
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Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
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GO:0000700[mismatch base pair DNA N-glycosylase activity] GO:0005654[nucleoplasm] GO:0005886[plasma membrane] GO:0006285[base-excision repair, AP site formation] GO:0019104[DNA N-glycosylase activity]
The Human Protein Atlas project is funded
