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The antibodies are designated mAB for monoclonal and pAb for polyclonal.
pAb
Concentration
0.0552 mg/ml
Purity
Affinity purified using the PrEST-antigen as affinity ligand
Released in versioni
The release of the Human Protein Atlas in which the antibody was first published.
18.0
Validation summaryi
All assays through which the antibody has been validated. Assays&annotation provide a detailed description of the different assays. The pie-charts indicate degree of validation.
Immunohistochemistry is used for validating antibody reliability by assessing staining pattern in 44 normal tissues. Validation scores include Enhanced, Supported, Approved and Uncertain.
Validationi
Results of validation by standard or enhanced validation based on assessment of antibody performance in 44 normal tissues.
Standard validation results in scores Supported, Approved or Uncertain. An image representative of the antibody staining pattern is shown.
Enhanced validation results in the score Enhanced and includes two methods: Orthogonal validation and Independent antibody validation. For orthogonal validation, representative images of high and low expression are shown. For independent antibody validation, four images of each independent antibody are displayed.
Supported
General, moderate-intensity cytoplasmic neuronal somatic immunostaining is noticed virtually in all neurons in the entire brain. The staining is stronger in the arcuate nucleus, thalamic paraventricualr nucleus, lateral septum and in the anterior hypothalamus.
Median eminence exhibits strong immunoreactivity. (Mouse brain)
PROTEIN ARRAY
Validationi
A protein array containing 384 different antigens including the antibody target is used to analyse antibody specificity. Depending on the array interaction profile the antibody is scored as Supported, Approved, or Uncertain.
Supported
Pass with single peak corresponding to interaction only with its own antigen.
Antibody specificity analysis with protein arrays. Predicted and matching interactions are shown in green.
The Structure section provides predicted structures from the Alphafold protein structure database and includes
structures corresponding to uniprot entries mapped to our gene set with at least one splice variant having 100% identity to the structure sequence.
Displaying protein features on the AlphaFold structures
Individual splice variants can be selected in the top part of the Protein Browser (see below) and both for transcripts matching the whole structure and those corresponding only to a part the full-length AlphaFold structure is shown.
Different transcript-related features such as transmembrane regions, InterPro domains and antigen sequences for antibodies can be displayed in the structure by clicking on the respective features in the Protein Browser and then also the part of the structure corresponding to the selected transcript will be shown in lightblue. Clinical and population amino acid variants can be highlighted by using the sliders to the right of the structure, which can also be used to colour the entire structure by residue index or make the structure autorotate.The structures are displayed using the NGL Viewer and can also be zoomed-in and rotated manually.
The Protein Browser
The protein browser displays the antigen location on the target protein(s) and the features of the target protein. The tabs at the top of the protein view section can be used to switch between the different splice variants to which an antigen has been mapped.
At the top of the view, the position of the antigen (identified by the corresponding HPA identifier) is shown as a green bar. A yellow triangle on the bar indicates a <100% sequence identity to the protein target.
Below the antigens, the maximum percent sequence identity of the protein to all other proteins from other human genes is displayed, using a sliding window of 10 aa residues (HsID 10) or 50 aa residues (HsID 50). The region with the lowest possible identity is always selected for antigen design, with a maximum identity of 60% allowed for designing a single-target antigen (read more).
The curve in blue displays the predicted antigenicity i.e. the tendency for different regions of the protein to generate an immune response, with peak regions being predicted to be more antigenic.The curve shows average values based on a sliding window approach using an in-house propensity scale. (read more).
If a signal peptide is predicted by a majority of the signal peptide predictors SPOCTOPUS, SignalP 4.0, and Phobius (turquoise) and/or transmembrane regions (orange) are predicted by MDM, these are displayed.
Low complexity regions are shown in yellow and InterPro regions in green. Common (purple) and unique (grey) regions between different splice variants of the gene are also displayed (read more), and at the bottom of the protein view is the protein scale.
The Human Protein Atlas project is funded
