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General description of the gene and the encoded protein(s) using information from HGNC and Ensembl, as well as predictions made by the Human Protein Atlas project.
Gene namei
Official gene symbol, which is typically a short form of the gene name, according to HGNC.
Assigned HPA protein class(es) for the encoded protein(s).
Cancer-related genes
Predicted locationi
All transcripts of all genes have been analyzed regarding the location(s) of corresponding protein based on prediction methods for signal peptides and transmembrane regions.
Genes with at least one transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, according to prediction methods or to UniProt location data, have been further annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are secreted or actually retained in intracellular locations or membrane-attached.
Remaining genes, with no transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, will be assigned the prediction-based location(s).
The annotated location overrules the predicted location, so that a gene encoding a predicted secreted protein that has been annotated as intracellular will have intracellular as the final location.
Gene information from Ensembl and Entrez, as well as links to available gene identifiers are displayed here. Information was retrieved from Ensembl if not indicated otherwise.
Chromosome
4
Cytoband
q31.21
Chromosome location (bp)
141636583 - 141733987
Number of transcriptsi
Number of protein-coding transcripts from the gene as defined by Ensembl.
Useful information about the protein provided by UniProt.
Cytokine that plays a major role in the development of inflammatory and protective immune responses to microbial invaders and parasites by modulating immune cells of both the innate and adaptive immune systems 1. Stimulates the proliferation of natural killer cells, T-cells and B-cells and promotes the secretion of several cytokines 2,3. In monocytes, induces the production of IL8 and monocyte chemotactic protein 1/CCL2, two chemokines that attract neutrophils and monocytes respectively to sites of infection 4. Unlike most cytokines, which are secreted in soluble form, IL15 is expressed in association with its high affinity IL15RA on the surface of IL15-producing cells and delivers signals to target cells that express IL2RB and IL2RG receptor subunits 5,6,7. Binding to its receptor triggers the phosphorylation of JAK1 and JAK3 and the recruitment and subsequent phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3/STAT3 and STAT5 8. In mast cells, induces the rapid tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT6 and thereby controls mast cell survival and release of cytokines such as IL4 (By similarity)....show less
Molecular function (UniProt)i
Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins due to their particular molecular function.
Cytokine
Gene summary (Entrez)i
Useful information about the gene from Entrez
The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine that regulates T and natural killer cell activation and proliferation. This cytokine and interleukine 2 share many biological activities. They are found to bind common hematopoietin receptor subunits, and may compete for the same receptor, and thus negatively regulate each other's activity. The number of CD8+ memory cells is shown to be controlled by a balance between this cytokine and IL2. This cytokine induces the activation of JAK kinases, as well as the phosphorylation and activation of transcription activators STAT3, STAT5, and STAT6. Studies of the mouse counterpart suggested that this cytokine may increase the expression of apoptosis inhibitor BCL2L1/BCL-x(L), possibly through the transcription activation activity of STAT6, and thus prevent apoptosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011]...show less
PROTEIN INFORMATIONi
The protein information section displays alternative protein-coding transcripts (splice variants) encoded by this gene according to the Ensembl database.
The ENSP identifier links to the Ensembl website protein summary, while the ENST identifier links to the Ensembl website transcript summary for the selected splice variant. The data in the UniProt column can be expanded to show links to all matching UniProt identifiers for this protein.
The protein classes assigned to this protein are shown if expanding the data in the protein class column. Parent protein classes are in bold font and subclasses are listed under the parent class.
The Gene Ontology terms assigned to this protein are listed if expanding the Gene ontology column. The length of the protein (amino acid residues according to Ensembl), molecular mass (kDalton), predicted signal peptide (according to a majority of the signal peptide predictors SPOCTOPUS, SignalP 4.0, and Phobius) and the number of predicted transmembrane region(s) (according to MDM) are also reported.
Predicted secreted proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Cancer-related genes Candidate cancer biomarkers Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level
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GO:0001819[positive regulation of cytokine production] GO:0005125[cytokine activity] GO:0005126[cytokine receptor binding] GO:0005515[protein binding] GO:0005576[extracellular region] GO:0005615[extracellular space] GO:0005634[nucleus] GO:0005654[nucleoplasm] GO:0005737[cytoplasm] GO:0005768[endosome] GO:0005794[Golgi apparatus] GO:0005829[cytosol] GO:0006955[immune response] GO:0007165[signal transduction] GO:0007260[tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein] GO:0007267[cell-cell signaling] GO:0008284[positive regulation of cell population proliferation] GO:0016607[nuclear speck] GO:0030225[macrophage differentiation] GO:0032740[positive regulation of interleukin-17 production] GO:0034105[positive regulation of tissue remodeling] GO:0035723[interleukin-15-mediated signaling pathway] GO:0042102[positive regulation of T cell proliferation] GO:0042119[neutrophil activation] GO:0042531[positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein] GO:0050729[positive regulation of inflammatory response] GO:0050731[positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation] GO:0050766[positive regulation of phagocytosis] GO:0050778[positive regulation of immune response] GO:0050896[response to stimulus] GO:0060255[regulation of macromolecule metabolic process] GO:0120163[negative regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis]
Predicted secreted proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Cancer-related genes Candidate cancer biomarkers Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level
Show all
GO:0001819[positive regulation of cytokine production] GO:0005125[cytokine activity] GO:0005126[cytokine receptor binding] GO:0005515[protein binding] GO:0005576[extracellular region] GO:0005615[extracellular space] GO:0005634[nucleus] GO:0005654[nucleoplasm] GO:0005737[cytoplasm] GO:0005768[endosome] GO:0005794[Golgi apparatus] GO:0005829[cytosol] GO:0006955[immune response] GO:0007165[signal transduction] GO:0007260[tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein] GO:0007267[cell-cell signaling] GO:0008284[positive regulation of cell population proliferation] GO:0016607[nuclear speck] GO:0030225[macrophage differentiation] GO:0032740[positive regulation of interleukin-17 production] GO:0034105[positive regulation of tissue remodeling] GO:0035723[interleukin-15-mediated signaling pathway] GO:0042102[positive regulation of T cell proliferation] GO:0042119[neutrophil activation] GO:0042531[positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein] GO:0050729[positive regulation of inflammatory response] GO:0050731[positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation] GO:0050766[positive regulation of phagocytosis] GO:0050778[positive regulation of immune response] GO:0050896[response to stimulus] GO:0060255[regulation of macromolecule metabolic process] GO:0120163[negative regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis]
Predicted secreted proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Cancer-related genes Candidate cancer biomarkers Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level
Show all
GO:0001819[positive regulation of cytokine production] GO:0005125[cytokine activity] GO:0005126[cytokine receptor binding] GO:0005515[protein binding] GO:0005576[extracellular region] GO:0005615[extracellular space] GO:0005634[nucleus] GO:0005654[nucleoplasm] GO:0005737[cytoplasm] GO:0005768[endosome] GO:0005794[Golgi apparatus] GO:0005829[cytosol] GO:0006955[immune response] GO:0007165[signal transduction] GO:0007260[tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein] GO:0007267[cell-cell signaling] GO:0008284[positive regulation of cell population proliferation] GO:0016607[nuclear speck] GO:0030225[macrophage differentiation] GO:0032740[positive regulation of interleukin-17 production] GO:0034105[positive regulation of tissue remodeling] GO:0035723[interleukin-15-mediated signaling pathway] GO:0042102[positive regulation of T cell proliferation] GO:0042119[neutrophil activation] GO:0042531[positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein] GO:0050729[positive regulation of inflammatory response] GO:0050731[positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation] GO:0050766[positive regulation of phagocytosis] GO:0050778[positive regulation of immune response] GO:0050896[response to stimulus] GO:0060255[regulation of macromolecule metabolic process] GO:0120163[negative regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis]
The Human Protein Atlas project is funded
