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General description of the gene and the encoded protein(s) using information from HGNC and Ensembl, as well as predictions made by the Human Protein Atlas project.
Gene namei
Official gene symbol, which is typically a short form of the gene name, according to HGNC.
Assigned HPA protein class(es) for the encoded protein(s).
Candidate cardiovascular disease genes Enzymes FDA approved drug targets Metabolic proteins RAS pathway related proteins
Predicted locationi
All transcripts of all genes have been analyzed regarding the location(s) of corresponding protein based on prediction methods for signal peptides and transmembrane regions.
Genes with at least one transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, according to prediction methods or to UniProt location data, have been further annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are secreted or actually retained in intracellular locations or membrane-attached.
Remaining genes, with no transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, will be assigned the prediction-based location(s).
The annotated location overrules the predicted location, so that a gene encoding a predicted secreted protein that has been annotated as intracellular will have intracellular as the final location.
Gene information from Ensembl and Entrez, as well as links to available gene identifiers are displayed here. Information was retrieved from Ensembl if not indicated otherwise.
Chromosome
12
Cytoband
q24.31
Chromosome location (bp)
120322115 - 120327779
Number of transcriptsi
Number of protein-coding transcripts from the gene as defined by Ensembl.
Useful information about the protein provided by UniProt.
Secretory calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 that primarily targets dietary phospholipids in the intestinal tract 1,2,3. Hydrolyzes the ester bond of the fatty acyl group attached at sn-2 position of phospholipids (phospholipase A2 activity) with preference for phosphatidylethanolamines and phosphatidylglycerols over phosphatidylcholines 4,5,6. May play a role in the biosynthesis of N-acyl ethanolamines that regulate energy metabolism and inflammation in the intestinal tract. Hydrolyzes N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamines to N-acyl lysophosphatidylethanolamines, which are further cleaved by a lysophospholipase D to release N-acyl ethanolamines (By similarity). May act in an autocrine and paracrine manner 7,8. Upon binding to the PLA2R1 receptor can regulate podocyte survival and glomerular homeostasis 9. Has anti-helminth activity in a process regulated by gut microbiota. Upon helminth infection of intestinal epithelia, directly affects phosphatidylethanolamine contents in the membrane of helminth larvae, likely controlling an array of phospholipid-mediated cellular processes such as membrane fusion and cell division while providing for better immune recognition, ultimately reducing larvae integrity and infectivity (By similarity)....show less
Molecular function (UniProt)i
Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins due to their particular molecular function.
Hydrolase
Biological process (UniProt)i
Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins because they are involved in a particular biological process.
Lipid metabolism, Phospholipid metabolism
Ligand (UniProt)i
Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins because they bind, are associated with, or whose activity is dependent of some molecule.
Calcium, Metal-binding
Gene summary (Entrez)i
Useful information about the gene from Entrez
This gene encodes a secreted member of the phospholipase A2 (PLA2) class of enzymes, which is produced by the pancreatic acinar cells. The encoded calcium-dependent enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of the sn-2 position of membrane glycerophospholipids to release arachidonic acid (AA) and lysophospholipids. AA is subsequently converted by downstream metabolic enzymes to several bioactive lipophilic compounds (eicosanoids), including prostaglandins (PGs) and leukotrienes (LTs). The enzyme may be involved in several physiological processes including cell contraction, cell proliferation and pathological response. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013]...show less
PROTEIN INFORMATIONi
The protein information section displays alternative protein-coding transcripts (splice variants) encoded by this gene according to the Ensembl database.
The ENSP identifier links to the Ensembl website protein summary, while the ENST identifier links to the Ensembl website transcript summary for the selected splice variant. The data in the UniProt column can be expanded to show links to all matching UniProt identifiers for this protein.
The protein classes assigned to this protein are shown if expanding the data in the protein class column. Parent protein classes are in bold font and subclasses are listed under the parent class.
The Gene Ontology terms assigned to this protein are listed if expanding the Gene ontology column. The length of the protein (amino acid residues according to Ensembl), molecular mass (kDalton), predicted signal peptide (according to a majority of the signal peptide predictors SPOCTOPUS, SignalP 4.0, and Phobius) and the number of predicted transmembrane region(s) (according to MDM) are also reported.
Enzymes ENZYME proteins Hydrolases Metabolic proteins MEMSAT3 predicted membrane proteins Predicted secreted proteins Secreted proteins predicted by MDSEC SignalP predicted secreted proteins Phobius predicted secreted proteins SPOCTOPUS predicted secreted proteins RAS pathway related proteins Candidate cardiovascular disease genes FDA approved drug targets Small molecule drugs Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
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GO:0002227[innate immune response in mucosa] GO:0002446[neutrophil mediated immunity] GO:0004623[phospholipase A2 activity] GO:0005102[signaling receptor binding] GO:0005509[calcium ion binding] GO:0005576[extracellular region] GO:0005615[extracellular space] GO:0006629[lipid metabolic process] GO:0006633[fatty acid biosynthetic process] GO:0006644[phospholipid metabolic process] GO:0007015[actin filament organization] GO:0007165[signal transduction] GO:0008284[positive regulation of cell population proliferation] GO:0009986[cell surface] GO:0010524[positive regulation of calcium ion transport into cytosol] GO:0016042[lipid catabolic process] GO:0016787[hydrolase activity] GO:0019370[leukotriene biosynthetic process] GO:0019731[antibacterial humoral response] GO:0030141[secretory granule] GO:0030593[neutrophil chemotaxis] GO:0032052[bile acid binding] GO:0032431[activation of phospholipase A2 activity] GO:0032757[positive regulation of interleukin-8 production] GO:0032869[cellular response to insulin stimulus] GO:0035556[intracellular signal transduction] GO:0043406[positive regulation of MAP kinase activity] GO:0045944[positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II] GO:0046324[regulation of glucose import] GO:0046470[phosphatidylcholine metabolic process] GO:0046471[phosphatidylglycerol metabolic process] GO:0046872[metal ion binding] GO:0047498[calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 activity] GO:0048146[positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation] GO:0050482[arachidonic acid secretion] GO:0050714[positive regulation of protein secretion] GO:0050778[positive regulation of immune response] GO:0050830[defense response to Gram-positive bacterium] GO:0051092[positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity] GO:0061844[antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide] GO:1904635[positive regulation of podocyte apoptotic process]
Metabolic proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC RAS pathway related proteins Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
The Human Protein Atlas project is funded
