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General description of the gene and the encoded protein(s) using information from HGNC and Ensembl, as well as predictions made by the Human Protein Atlas project.
Gene namei
Official gene symbol, which is typically a short form of the gene name, according to HGNC.
Assigned HPA protein class(es) for the encoded protein(s).
Cancer-related genes Enzymes FDA approved drug targets
Predicted locationi
All transcripts of all genes have been analyzed regarding the location(s) of corresponding protein based on prediction methods for signal peptides and transmembrane regions.
Genes with at least one transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, according to prediction methods or to UniProt location data, have been further annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are secreted or actually retained in intracellular locations or membrane-attached.
Remaining genes, with no transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, will be assigned the prediction-based location(s).
The annotated location overrules the predicted location, so that a gene encoding a predicted secreted protein that has been annotated as intracellular will have intracellular as the final location.
Gene information from Ensembl and Entrez, as well as links to available gene identifiers are displayed here. Information was retrieved from Ensembl if not indicated otherwise.
Chromosome
2
Cytoband
p21
Chromosome location (bp)
45651345 - 46187990
Number of transcriptsi
Number of protein-coding transcripts from the gene as defined by Ensembl.
Useful information about the protein provided by UniProt.
Calcium-independent, phospholipid- and diacylglycerol (DAG)- dependent serine/threonine-protein kinase that plays essential roles in the regulation of multiple cellular processes linked to cytoskeletal proteins, such as cell adhesion, motility, migration and cell cycle, functions in neuron growth and ion channel regulation, and is involved in immune response, cancer cell invasion and regulation of apoptosis. Mediates cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix via integrin-dependent signaling, by mediating angiotensin-2-induced activation of integrin beta-1 (ITGB1) in cardiac fibroblasts. Phosphorylates MARCKS, which phosphorylates and activates PTK2/FAK, leading to the spread of cardiomyocytes. Involved in the control of the directional transport of ITGB1 in mesenchymal cells by phosphorylating vimentin (VIM), an intermediate filament (IF) protein. In epithelial cells, associates with and phosphorylates keratin-8 (KRT8), which induces targeting of desmoplakin at desmosomes and regulates cell-cell contact. Phosphorylates IQGAP1, which binds to CDC42, mediating epithelial cell-cell detachment prior to migration. In HeLa cells, contributes to hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-induced cell migration, and in human corneal epithelial cells, plays a critical role in wound healing after activation by HGF. During cytokinesis, forms a complex with YWHAB, which is crucial for daughter cell separation, and facilitates abscission by a mechanism which may implicate the regulation of RHOA. In cardiac myocytes, regulates myofilament function and excitation coupling at the Z-lines, where it is indirectly associated with F-actin via interaction with COPB1. During endothelin-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, mediates activation of PTK2/FAK, which is critical for cardiomyocyte survival and regulation of sarcomere length. Plays a role in the pathogenesis of dilated cardiomyopathy via persistent phosphorylation of troponin I (TNNI3). Involved in nerve growth factor (NFG)-induced neurite outgrowth and neuron morphological change independently of its kinase activity, by inhibition of RHOA pathway, activation of CDC42 and cytoskeletal rearrangement. May be involved in presynaptic facilitation by mediating phorbol ester-induced synaptic potentiation. Phosphorylates gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2 (GABRG2), which reduces the response of GABA receptors to ethanol and benzodiazepines and may mediate acute tolerance to the intoxicating effects of ethanol. Upon PMA treatment, phosphorylates the capsaicin- and heat-activated cation channel TRPV1, which is required for bradykinin-induced sensitization of the heat response in nociceptive neurons. Is able to form a complex with PDLIM5 and N-type calcium channel, and may enhance channel activities and potentiates fast synaptic transmission by phosphorylating the pore-forming alpha subunit CACNA1B (CaV2.2). In prostate cancer cells, interacts with and phosphorylates STAT3, which increases DNA-binding and transcriptional activity of STAT3 and seems to be essential for prostate cancer cell invasion. Downstream of TLR4, plays an important role in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced immune response by phosphorylating and activating TICAM2/TRAM, which in turn activates the transcription factor IRF3 and subsequent cytokines production. In differentiating erythroid progenitors, is regulated by EPO and controls the protection against the TNFSF10/TRAIL-mediated apoptosis, via BCL2. May be involved in the regulation of the insulin-induced phosphorylation and activation of AKT1. Phosphorylates NLRP5/MATER and may thereby modulate AKT pathway activation in cumulus cells 1....show less
Molecular function (UniProt)i
Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins due to their particular molecular function.
Protein kinase C (PKC) is a family of serine- and threonine-specific protein kinases that can be activated by calcium and the second messenger diacylglycerol. PKC family members phosphorylate a wide variety of protein targets and are known to be involved in diverse cellular signaling pathways. PKC family members also serve as major receptors for phorbol esters, a class of tumor promoters. Each member of the PKC family has a specific expression profile and is believed to play a distinct role in cells. The protein encoded by this gene is one of the PKC family members. This kinase has been shown to be involved in many different cellular functions, such as neuron channel activation, apoptosis, cardioprotection from ischemia, heat shock response, as well as insulin exocytosis. Knockout studies in mice suggest that this kinase is important for lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated signaling in activated macrophages and may also play a role in controlling anxiety-like behavior. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]...show less
PROTEIN INFORMATIONi
The protein information section displays alternative protein-coding transcripts (splice variants) encoded by this gene according to the Ensembl database.
The ENSP identifier links to the Ensembl website protein summary, while the ENST identifier links to the Ensembl website transcript summary for the selected splice variant. The data in the UniProt column can be expanded to show links to all matching UniProt identifiers for this protein.
The protein classes assigned to this protein are shown if expanding the data in the protein class column. Parent protein classes are in bold font and subclasses are listed under the parent class.
The Gene Ontology terms assigned to this protein are listed if expanding the Gene ontology column. The length of the protein (amino acid residues according to Ensembl), molecular mass (kDalton), predicted signal peptide (according to a majority of the signal peptide predictors SPOCTOPUS, SignalP 4.0, and Phobius) and the number of predicted transmembrane region(s) (according to MDM) are also reported.
Q02156 [Direct mapping] Protein kinase C epsilon type
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L7RTI5 [Target identity:100%; Query identity:100%] Protein kinase C epsilon type
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Enzymes ENZYME proteins Transferases Kinases AGC Ser/Thr protein kinases MEMSAT-SVM predicted membrane proteins SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Cancer-related genes Candidate cancer biomarkers FDA approved drug targets Small molecule drugs Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
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GO:0000165[MAPK cascade] GO:0000166[nucleotide binding] GO:0002281[macrophage activation involved in immune response] GO:0002376[immune system process] GO:0003785[actin monomer binding] GO:0004672[protein kinase activity] GO:0004674[protein serine/threonine kinase activity] GO:0004697[protein kinase C activity] GO:0004698[calcium-dependent protein kinase C activity] GO:0004699[calcium-independent protein kinase C activity] GO:0005515[protein binding] GO:0005524[ATP binding] GO:0005634[nucleus] GO:0005737[cytoplasm] GO:0005739[mitochondrion] GO:0005783[endoplasmic reticulum] GO:0005794[Golgi apparatus] GO:0005829[cytosol] GO:0005856[cytoskeleton] GO:0005886[plasma membrane] GO:0006468[protein phosphorylation] GO:0006915[apoptotic process] GO:0007049[cell cycle] GO:0007155[cell adhesion] GO:0007165[signal transduction] GO:0008047[enzyme activator activity] GO:0010634[positive regulation of epithelial cell migration] GO:0010763[positive regulation of fibroblast migration] GO:0010811[positive regulation of cell-substrate adhesion] GO:0016020[membrane] GO:0016301[kinase activity] GO:0016310[phosphorylation] GO:0016740[transferase activity] GO:0018105[peptidyl-serine phosphorylation] GO:0019216[regulation of lipid metabolic process] GO:0019899[enzyme binding] GO:0030073[insulin secretion] GO:0030546[signaling receptor activator activity] GO:0030838[positive regulation of actin filament polymerization] GO:0031397[negative regulation of protein ubiquitination] GO:0031589[cell-substrate adhesion] GO:0031663[lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway] GO:0032024[positive regulation of insulin secretion] GO:0032230[positive regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic] GO:0032467[positive regulation of cytokinesis] GO:0035276[ethanol binding] GO:0035556[intracellular signal transduction] GO:0035641[locomotory exploration behavior] GO:0035669[TRAM-dependent toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway] GO:0038096[Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis] GO:0043123[positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling] GO:0043231[intracellular membrane-bounded organelle] GO:0043278[response to morphine] GO:0043410[positive regulation of MAPK cascade] GO:0045111[intermediate filament cytoskeleton] GO:0045202[synapse] GO:0046872[metal ion binding] GO:0048471[perinuclear region of cytoplasm] GO:0050730[regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation] GO:0050996[positive regulation of lipid catabolic process] GO:0051279[regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol] GO:0051301[cell division] GO:0051649[establishment of localization in cell] GO:0051932[synaptic transmission, GABAergic] GO:0061178[regulation of insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus] GO:0070254[mucus secretion] GO:0070257[positive regulation of mucus secretion] GO:0071361[cellular response to ethanol] GO:0071380[cellular response to prostaglandin E stimulus] GO:0071456[cellular response to hypoxia] GO:0071889[14-3-3 protein binding] GO:0071944[cell periphery] GO:0090303[positive regulation of wound healing] GO:0106310[protein serine kinase activity] GO:1903078[positive regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane] GO:2000650[negative regulation of sodium ion transmembrane transporter activity] GO:2001031[positive regulation of cellular glucuronidation]
The Human Protein Atlas project is funded
