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General description of the gene and the encoded protein(s) using information from HGNC and Ensembl, as well as predictions made by the Human Protein Atlas project.
Gene namei
Official gene symbol, which is typically a short form of the gene name, according to HGNC.
Assigned HPA protein class(es) for the encoded protein(s).
Cancer-related genes Disease related genes Human disease related genes RAS pathway related proteins Transcription factors
Predicted locationi
All transcripts of all genes have been analyzed regarding the location(s) of corresponding protein based on prediction methods for signal peptides and transmembrane regions.
Genes with at least one transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, according to prediction methods or to UniProt location data, have been further annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are secreted or actually retained in intracellular locations or membrane-attached.
Remaining genes, with no transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, will be assigned the prediction-based location(s).
The annotated location overrules the predicted location, so that a gene encoding a predicted secreted protein that has been annotated as intracellular will have intracellular as the final location.
Gene information from Ensembl and Entrez, as well as links to available gene identifiers are displayed here. Information was retrieved from Ensembl if not indicated otherwise.
Chromosome
11
Cytoband
q13.1
Chromosome location (bp)
65653599 - 65663090
Number of transcriptsi
Number of protein-coding transcripts from the gene as defined by Ensembl.
Useful information about the protein provided by UniProt.
NF-kappa-B is a pleiotropic transcription factor present in almost all cell types and is the endpoint of a series of signal transduction events that are initiated by a vast array of stimuli related to many biological processes such as inflammation, immunity, differentiation, cell growth, tumorigenesis and apoptosis. NF-kappa-B is a homo-or heterodimeric complex formed by the Rel-like domain-containing proteins RELA/p65, RELB, NFKB1/p105, NFKB1/p50, REL and NFKB2/p52. The heterodimeric RELA-NFKB1 complex appears to be most abundant one. The dimers bind at kappa-B sites in the DNA of their target genes and the individual dimers have distinct preferences for different kappa-B sites that they can bind with distinguishable affinity and specificity. Different dimer combinations act as transcriptional activators or repressors, respectively. The NF-kappa-B heterodimeric RELA-NFKB1 and RELA-REL complexes, for instance, function as transcriptional activators. NF-kappa-B is controlled by various mechanisms of post-translational modification and subcellular compartmentalization as well as by interactions with other cofactors or corepressors. NF-kappa-B complexes are held in the cytoplasm in an inactive state complexed with members of the NF-kappa-B inhibitor (I-kappa-B) family. In a conventional activation pathway, I-kappa-B is phosphorylated by I-kappa-B kinases (IKKs) in response to different activators, subsequently degraded thus liberating the active NF-kappa-B complex which translocates to the nucleus. The inhibitory effect of I-kappa-B on NF-kappa-B through retention in the cytoplasm is exerted primarily through the interaction with RELA. RELA shows a weak DNA-binding site which could contribute directly to DNA binding in the NF-kappa-B complex. Beside its activity as a direct transcriptional activator, it is also able to modulate promoters accessibility to transcription factors and thereby indirectly regulate gene expression. Associates with chromatin at the NF-kappa-B promoter region via association with DDX1. Essential for cytokine gene expression in T-cells 1. The NF-kappa-B homodimeric RELA-RELA complex appears to be involved in invasin-mediated activation of IL-8 expression. Key transcription factor regulating the IFN response during SARS-CoV-2 infection 2....show less
Molecular function (UniProt)i
Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins due to their particular molecular function.
Activator, DNA-binding
Biological process (UniProt)i
Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins because they are involved in a particular biological process.
NF-kappa-B is a ubiquitous transcription factor involved in several biological processes. It is held in the cytoplasm in an inactive state by specific inhibitors. Upon degradation of the inhibitor, NF-kappa-B moves to the nucleus and activates transcription of specific genes. NF-kappa-B is composed of NFKB1 or NFKB2 bound to either REL, RELA, or RELB. The most abundant form of NF-kappa-B is NFKB1 complexed with the product of this gene, RELA. Four transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011]...show less
PROTEIN INFORMATIONi
The protein information section displays alternative protein-coding transcripts (splice variants) encoded by this gene according to the Ensembl database.
The ENSP identifier links to the Ensembl website protein summary, while the ENST identifier links to the Ensembl website transcript summary for the selected splice variant. The data in the UniProt column can be expanded to show links to all matching UniProt identifiers for this protein.
The protein classes assigned to this protein are shown if expanding the data in the protein class column. Parent protein classes are in bold font and subclasses are listed under the parent class.
The Gene Ontology terms assigned to this protein are listed if expanding the Gene ontology column. The length of the protein (amino acid residues according to Ensembl), molecular mass (kDalton), predicted signal peptide (according to a majority of the signal peptide predictors SPOCTOPUS, SignalP 4.0, and Phobius) and the number of predicted transmembrane region(s) (according to MDM) are also reported.
Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Transcription factors Immunoglobulin fold RAS pathway related proteins Cancer-related genes Candidate cancer biomarkers Disease related genes Human disease related genes Immune system diseases Other immune system diseases Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
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GO:0000122[negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II] GO:0000785[chromatin] GO:0000976[transcription cis-regulatory region binding] GO:0000977[RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding] GO:0000978[RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding] GO:0000979[RNA polymerase II core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding] GO:0000981[DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific] GO:0001223[transcription coactivator binding] GO:0001227[DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific] GO:0001228[DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific] GO:0002357[defense response to tumor cell] GO:0003677[DNA binding] GO:0003682[chromatin binding] GO:0003700[DNA-binding transcription factor activity] GO:0005515[protein binding] GO:0005634[nucleus] GO:0005654[nucleoplasm] GO:0005667[transcription regulator complex] GO:0005737[cytoplasm] GO:0005829[cytosol] GO:0006355[regulation of DNA-templated transcription] GO:0006357[regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II] GO:0006954[inflammatory response] GO:0006968[cellular defense response] GO:0007218[neuropeptide signaling pathway] GO:0007249[I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling] GO:0008284[positive regulation of cell population proliferation] GO:0010033[response to organic substance] GO:0010224[response to UV-B] GO:0010605[negative regulation of macromolecule metabolic process] GO:0010628[positive regulation of gene expression] GO:0019221[cytokine-mediated signaling pathway] GO:0019899[enzyme binding] GO:0019901[protein kinase binding] GO:0031490[chromatin DNA binding] GO:0031625[ubiquitin protein ligase binding] GO:0032757[positive regulation of interleukin-8 production] GO:0033209[tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway] GO:0034097[response to cytokine] GO:0035525[NF-kappaB p50/p65 complex] GO:0035924[cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus] GO:0038061[NIK/NF-kappaB signaling] GO:0042277[peptide binding] GO:0042301[phosphate ion binding] GO:0042802[identical protein binding] GO:0042803[protein homodimerization activity] GO:0042805[actinin binding] GO:0042826[histone deacetylase binding] GO:0043066[negative regulation of apoptotic process] GO:0043123[positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling] GO:0043620[regulation of DNA-templated transcription in response to stress] GO:0045087[innate immune response] GO:0045892[negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription] GO:0045893[positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription] GO:0045944[positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II] GO:0047485[protein N-terminus binding] GO:0050727[regulation of inflammatory response] GO:0050862[positive regulation of T cell receptor signaling pathway] GO:0051059[NF-kappaB binding] GO:0051092[positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity] GO:0051607[defense response to virus] GO:0070301[cellular response to hydrogen peroxide] GO:0070431[nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 signaling pathway] GO:0070498[interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway] GO:0070555[response to interleukin-1] GO:0071159[NF-kappaB complex] GO:0071222[cellular response to lipopolysaccharide] GO:0071223[cellular response to lipoteichoic acid] GO:0071224[cellular response to peptidoglycan] GO:0071316[cellular response to nicotine] GO:0071347[cellular response to interleukin-1] GO:0071354[cellular response to interleukin-6] GO:0071356[cellular response to tumor necrosis factor] GO:0098978[glutamatergic synapse] GO:0099527[postsynapse to nucleus signaling pathway] GO:0140296[general transcription initiation factor binding] GO:0140297[DNA-binding transcription factor binding] GO:1901222[regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling] GO:1901223[negative regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling] GO:1901224[positive regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling] GO:1901522[positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus] GO:1902004[positive regulation of amyloid-beta formation] GO:1902894[negative regulation of miRNA transcription] GO:1902895[positive regulation of miRNA transcription] GO:1904385[cellular response to angiotensin] GO:1904996[positive regulation of leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cell] GO:2000630[positive regulation of miRNA metabolic process] GO:2001237[negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway]
Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Transcription factors Immunoglobulin fold RAS pathway related proteins Cancer-related genes Candidate cancer biomarkers Disease related genes Human disease related genes Immune system diseases Other immune system diseases Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0000122[negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II] GO:0000785[chromatin] GO:0000976[transcription cis-regulatory region binding] GO:0000977[RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding] GO:0000978[RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding] GO:0000979[RNA polymerase II core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding] GO:0000981[DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific] GO:0001223[transcription coactivator binding] GO:0001227[DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific] GO:0001228[DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific] GO:0001889[liver development] GO:0001942[hair follicle development] GO:0002357[defense response to tumor cell] GO:0003677[DNA binding] GO:0003682[chromatin binding] GO:0003700[DNA-binding transcription factor activity] GO:0005515[protein binding] GO:0005634[nucleus] GO:0005654[nucleoplasm] GO:0005667[transcription regulator complex] GO:0005737[cytoplasm] GO:0005829[cytosol] GO:0006325[chromatin organization] GO:0006351[DNA-templated transcription] GO:0006355[regulation of DNA-templated transcription] GO:0006357[regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II] GO:0006952[defense response] GO:0006954[inflammatory response] GO:0006968[cellular defense response] GO:0007218[neuropeptide signaling pathway] GO:0007249[I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling] GO:0008284[positive regulation of cell population proliferation] GO:0009617[response to bacterium] GO:0009887[animal organ morphogenesis] GO:0010033[response to organic substance] GO:0010224[response to UV-B] GO:0010605[negative regulation of macromolecule metabolic process] GO:0010628[positive regulation of gene expression] GO:0019221[cytokine-mediated signaling pathway] GO:0019899[enzyme binding] GO:0019901[protein kinase binding] GO:0030163[protein catabolic process] GO:0031490[chromatin DNA binding] GO:0031625[ubiquitin protein ligase binding] GO:0032495[response to muramyl dipeptide] GO:0032735[positive regulation of interleukin-12 production] GO:0032757[positive regulation of interleukin-8 production] GO:0033209[tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway] GO:0033234[negative regulation of protein sumoylation] GO:0034097[response to cytokine] GO:0035525[NF-kappaB p50/p65 complex] GO:0035729[cellular response to hepatocyte growth factor stimulus] GO:0035924[cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus] GO:0035994[response to muscle stretch] GO:0038061[NIK/NF-kappaB signaling] GO:0042177[negative regulation of protein catabolic process] GO:0042277[peptide binding] GO:0042301[phosphate ion binding] GO:0042802[identical protein binding] GO:0042803[protein homodimerization activity] GO:0042805[actinin binding] GO:0042826[histone deacetylase binding] GO:0043066[negative regulation of apoptotic process] GO:0043123[positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling] GO:0043565[sequence-specific DNA binding] GO:0043620[regulation of DNA-templated transcription in response to stress] GO:0045087[innate immune response] GO:0045892[negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription] GO:0045893[positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription] GO:0045944[positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II] GO:0047485[protein N-terminus binding] GO:0050727[regulation of inflammatory response] GO:0050862[positive regulation of T cell receptor signaling pathway] GO:0051059[NF-kappaB binding] GO:0051092[positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity] GO:0051607[defense response to virus] GO:0070301[cellular response to hydrogen peroxide] GO:0070431[nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 signaling pathway] GO:0070498[interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway] GO:0070555[response to interleukin-1] GO:0071159[NF-kappaB complex] GO:0071222[cellular response to lipopolysaccharide] GO:0071223[cellular response to lipoteichoic acid] GO:0071224[cellular response to peptidoglycan] GO:0071316[cellular response to nicotine] GO:0071347[cellular response to interleukin-1] GO:0071354[cellular response to interleukin-6] GO:0071356[cellular response to tumor necrosis factor] GO:0071532[ankyrin repeat binding] GO:0098978[glutamatergic synapse] GO:0099527[postsynapse to nucleus signaling pathway] GO:0140296[general transcription initiation factor binding] GO:0140297[DNA-binding transcription factor binding] GO:1901222[regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling] GO:1901223[negative regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling] GO:1901224[positive regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling] GO:1901522[positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus] GO:1902004[positive regulation of amyloid-beta formation] GO:1902894[negative regulation of miRNA transcription] GO:1902895[positive regulation of miRNA transcription] GO:1904385[cellular response to angiotensin] GO:1904996[positive regulation of leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cell] GO:2000630[positive regulation of miRNA metabolic process] GO:2001237[negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway]
Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC RAS pathway related proteins Human disease related genes Immune system diseases Other immune system diseases Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0000978[RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding] GO:0003677[DNA binding] GO:0003700[DNA-binding transcription factor activity] GO:0005634[nucleus] GO:0005737[cytoplasm] GO:0005829[cytosol] GO:0006355[regulation of DNA-templated transcription] GO:0010605[negative regulation of macromolecule metabolic process] GO:0051092[positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity] GO:0071159[NF-kappaB complex]
Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC RAS pathway related proteins Human disease related genes Immune system diseases Other immune system diseases Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0003700[DNA-binding transcription factor activity] GO:0005634[nucleus] GO:0005737[cytoplasm] GO:0006355[regulation of DNA-templated transcription] GO:0051092[positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity] GO:0071159[NF-kappaB complex]
Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC RAS pathway related proteins Human disease related genes Immune system diseases Other immune system diseases Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC RAS pathway related proteins Human disease related genes Immune system diseases Other immune system diseases Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC RAS pathway related proteins Human disease related genes Immune system diseases Other immune system diseases Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC RAS pathway related proteins Human disease related genes Immune system diseases Other immune system diseases Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0000978[RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding] GO:0003677[DNA binding] GO:0003700[DNA-binding transcription factor activity] GO:0005634[nucleus] GO:0005737[cytoplasm] GO:0005829[cytosol] GO:0006355[regulation of DNA-templated transcription] GO:0010605[negative regulation of macromolecule metabolic process] GO:0051092[positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity] GO:0071159[NF-kappaB complex]
Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC RAS pathway related proteins Human disease related genes Immune system diseases Other immune system diseases Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC RAS pathway related proteins Human disease related genes Immune system diseases Other immune system diseases Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC RAS pathway related proteins Human disease related genes Immune system diseases Other immune system diseases Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC RAS pathway related proteins Human disease related genes Immune system diseases Other immune system diseases Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0000978[RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding] GO:0003677[DNA binding] GO:0003700[DNA-binding transcription factor activity] GO:0005634[nucleus] GO:0005737[cytoplasm] GO:0005829[cytosol] GO:0006355[regulation of DNA-templated transcription] GO:0010605[negative regulation of macromolecule metabolic process] GO:0051092[positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity] GO:0071159[NF-kappaB complex]
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