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General description of the gene and the encoded protein(s) using information from HGNC and Ensembl, as well as predictions made by the Human Protein Atlas project.
Gene namei
Official gene symbol, which is typically a short form of the gene name, according to HGNC.
Assigned HPA protein class(es) for the encoded protein(s).
Human disease related genes Metabolic proteins Transporters
Predicted locationi
All transcripts of all genes have been analyzed regarding the location(s) of corresponding protein based on prediction methods for signal peptides and transmembrane regions.
Genes with at least one transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, according to prediction methods or to UniProt location data, have been further annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are secreted or actually retained in intracellular locations or membrane-attached.
Remaining genes, with no transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, will be assigned the prediction-based location(s).
The annotated location overrules the predicted location, so that a gene encoding a predicted secreted protein that has been annotated as intracellular will have intracellular as the final location.
Gene information from Ensembl and Entrez, as well as links to available gene identifiers are displayed here. Information was retrieved from Ensembl if not indicated otherwise.
Chromosome
11
Cytoband
q13.4
Chromosome location (bp)
73974672 - 73982843
Number of transcriptsi
Number of protein-coding transcripts from the gene as defined by Ensembl.
Useful information about the protein provided by UniProt.
Antiporter that exports dicarboxylate intermediates of the Krebs cycle in exchange for phosphate plus a proton across the inner membrane of mitochondria, a process driven by mitochondrial motive force with an overall impact on glycolysis, glutaminolysis and glutathione-dependent redox balance. Continuous export of oxaloacetate and related four-carbon dicarboxylates from mitochondrial matrix into the cytosol negatively regulates the oxidation of acetyl-CoA substrates via the Krebs cycle lowering the ATP/ADP ratio and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production 1. Proton transporter activity is debated, but if it occurs it may mediate inducible proton re-entry into the mitochondrial matrix affecting ATP turnover as a protection mechanism against oxidative stress. Proton re-entry may be coupled to metabolite transport to allow for proton flux switching and optimal ATP turnover 2,3,4 (By similarity). Regulates the use of glucose as a source of energy. Required for glucose-induced DRP1-dependent mitochondrial fission and neuron activation in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH). This mitochondrial adaptation mechanism modulates the VMH pool of glucose-excited neurons with an impact on systemic glucose homeostasis (By similarity). Regulates ROS levels and metabolic reprogramming of macrophages during the resolution phase of inflammation. Attenuates ROS production in response to IL33 to preserve the integrity of the Krebs cycle required for persistent production of itaconate and subsequent GATA3-dependent differentiation of inflammation-resolving alternatively activated macrophages (By similarity). Can unidirectionally transport anions including L-malate, L-aspartate and phosphate 5. Does not mediate adaptive thermogenesis (By similarity)....show less
Biological process (UniProt)i
Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins because they are involved in a particular biological process.
Transport
Gene summary (Entrez)i
Useful information about the gene from Entrez
Mitochondrial uncoupling proteins (UCP) are members of the larger family of mitochondrial anion carrier proteins (MACP). UCPs separate oxidative phosphorylation from ATP synthesis with energy dissipated as heat, also referred to as the mitochondrial proton leak. UCPs facilitate the transfer of anions from the inner to the outer mitochondrial membrane and the return transfer of protons from the outer to the inner mitochondrial membrane. They also reduce the mitochondrial membrane potential in mammalian cells. Tissue specificity occurs for the different UCPs and the exact methods of how UCPs transfer H+/OH- are not known. UCPs contain the three homologous protein domains of MACPs. This gene is expressed in many tissues, with the greatest expression in skeletal muscle. It is thought to play a role in nonshivering thermogenesis, obesity and diabetes. Chromosomal order is 5'-UCP3-UCP2-3'. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]...show less
PROTEIN INFORMATIONi
The protein information section displays alternative protein-coding transcripts (splice variants) encoded by this gene according to the Ensembl database.
The ENSP identifier links to the Ensembl website protein summary, while the ENST identifier links to the Ensembl website transcript summary for the selected splice variant. The data in the UniProt column can be expanded to show links to all matching UniProt identifiers for this protein.
The protein classes assigned to this protein are shown if expanding the data in the protein class column. Parent protein classes are in bold font and subclasses are listed under the parent class.
The Gene Ontology terms assigned to this protein are listed if expanding the Gene ontology column. The length of the protein (amino acid residues according to Ensembl), molecular mass (kDalton), predicted signal peptide (according to a majority of the signal peptide predictors SPOCTOPUS, SignalP 4.0, and Phobius) and the number of predicted transmembrane region(s) (according to MDM) are also reported.
Metabolic proteins Transporters Electrochemical Potential-driven transporters MEMSAT3 predicted membrane proteins MEMSAT-SVM predicted membrane proteins SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Human disease related genes Endocrine and metabolic diseases Other endocrine and metabolic diseases Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level
F5H312 [Direct mapping] Mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2
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Metabolic proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Human disease related genes Endocrine and metabolic diseases Other endocrine and metabolic diseases
Metabolic proteins Transporters Electrochemical Potential-driven transporters MEMSAT3 predicted membrane proteins MEMSAT-SVM predicted membrane proteins SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Human disease related genes Endocrine and metabolic diseases Other endocrine and metabolic diseases Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level
Show all
GO:0000266[mitochondrial fission] GO:0000303[response to superoxide] GO:0001666[response to hypoxia] GO:0005515[protein binding] GO:0005737[cytoplasm] GO:0005739[mitochondrion] GO:0005743[mitochondrial inner membrane] GO:0006096[glycolytic process] GO:0006541[glutamine metabolic process] GO:0006839[mitochondrial transport] GO:0007565[female pregnancy] GO:0007568[aging] GO:0008271[secondary active sulfate transmembrane transporter activity] GO:0009409[response to cold] GO:0009749[response to glucose] GO:0010942[positive regulation of cell death] GO:0015078[proton transmembrane transporter activity] GO:0015131[oxaloacetate transmembrane transporter activity] GO:0015140[malate transmembrane transporter activity] GO:0015183[L-aspartate transmembrane transporter activity] GO:0015297[antiporter activity] GO:0015740[C4-dicarboxylate transport] GO:0016020[membrane] GO:0017077[oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler activity] GO:0022857[transmembrane transporter activity] GO:0030225[macrophage differentiation] GO:0031966[mitochondrial membrane] GO:0032869[cellular response to insulin stimulus] GO:0032870[cellular response to hormone stimulus] GO:0034198[cellular response to amino acid starvation] GO:0035435[phosphate ion transmembrane transport] GO:0042803[protein homodimerization activity] GO:0043066[negative regulation of apoptotic process] GO:0051881[regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential] GO:0061179[negative regulation of insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus] GO:0070542[response to fatty acid] GO:0070778[L-aspartate transmembrane transport] GO:0071284[cellular response to lead ion] GO:0071333[cellular response to glucose stimulus] GO:0071423[malate transmembrane transport] GO:0072593[reactive oxygen species metabolic process] GO:0097421[liver regeneration] GO:0120162[positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis] GO:0140787[phosphate ion uniporter activity] GO:1902356[oxaloacetate(2-) transmembrane transport] GO:1902358[sulfate transmembrane transport] GO:1902600[proton transmembrane transport] GO:1990542[mitochondrial transmembrane transport] GO:1990845[adaptive thermogenesis]
The Human Protein Atlas project is funded
