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General description of the gene and the encoded protein(s) using information from HGNC and Ensembl, as well as predictions made by the Human Protein Atlas project.
Gene namei
Official gene symbol, which is typically a short form of the gene name, according to HGNC.
Assigned HPA protein class(es) for the encoded protein(s).
Disease related genes Enzymes Plasma proteins Potential drug targets RAS pathway related proteins
Predicted locationi
All transcripts of all genes have been analyzed regarding the location(s) of corresponding protein based on prediction methods for signal peptides and transmembrane regions.
Genes with at least one transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, according to prediction methods or to UniProt location data, have been further annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are secreted or actually retained in intracellular locations or membrane-attached.
Remaining genes, with no transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, will be assigned the prediction-based location(s).
The annotated location overrules the predicted location, so that a gene encoding a predicted secreted protein that has been annotated as intracellular will have intracellular as the final location.
Gene information from Ensembl and Entrez, as well as links to available gene identifiers are displayed here. Information was retrieved from Ensembl if not indicated otherwise.
Chromosome
3
Cytoband
q29
Chromosome location (bp)
196739857 - 196832647
Number of transcriptsi
Number of protein-coding transcripts from the gene as defined by Ensembl.
Useful information about the protein provided by UniProt.
Serine/threonine protein kinase that plays a role in a variety of different signaling pathways including cytoskeleton regulation, cell motility, cell cycle progression, apoptosis or proliferation 1,2,3,4,5,6,7. Acts as downstream effector of the small GTPases CDC42 and RAC1 8. Activation by the binding of active CDC42 and RAC1 results in a conformational change and a subsequent autophosphorylation on several serine and/or threonine residues 9. Full-length PAK2 stimulates cell survival and cell growth 10. Phosphorylates MAPK4 and MAPK6 and activates the downstream target MAPKAPK5, a regulator of F-actin polymerization and cell migration 11. Phosphorylates JUN and plays an important role in EGF-induced cell proliferation 12. Phosphorylates many other substrates including histone H4 to promote assembly of H3.3 and H4 into nucleosomes, BAD, ribosomal protein S6, or MBP 13. Phosphorylates CASP7, thereby preventing its activity 14,15. Additionally, associates with ARHGEF7 and GIT1 to perform kinase-independent functions such as spindle orientation control during mitosis 16,17. On the other hand, apoptotic stimuli such as DNA damage lead to caspase-mediated cleavage of PAK2, generating PAK-2p34, an active p34 fragment that translocates to the nucleus and promotes cellular apoptosis involving the JNK signaling pathway 18,19,20. Caspase-activated PAK2 phosphorylates MKNK1 and reduces cellular translation 21....show less
Molecular function (UniProt)i
Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins due to their particular molecular function.
Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins because they bind, are associated with, or whose activity is dependent of some molecule.
ATP-binding, Nucleotide-binding
Gene summary (Entrez)i
Useful information about the gene from Entrez
The p21 activated kinases (PAK) are critical effectors that link Rho GTPases to cytoskeleton reorganization and nuclear signaling. The PAK proteins are a family of serine/threonine kinases that serve as targets for the small GTP binding proteins, CDC42 and RAC1, and have been implicated in a wide range of biological activities. The protein encoded by this gene is activated by proteolytic cleavage during caspase-mediated apoptosis, and may play a role in regulating the apoptotic events in the dying cell. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]...show less
PROTEIN INFORMATIONi
The protein information section displays alternative protein-coding transcripts (splice variants) encoded by this gene according to the Ensembl database.
The ENSP identifier links to the Ensembl website protein summary, while the ENST identifier links to the Ensembl website transcript summary for the selected splice variant. The data in the UniProt column can be expanded to show links to all matching UniProt identifiers for this protein.
The protein classes assigned to this protein are shown if expanding the data in the protein class column. Parent protein classes are in bold font and subclasses are listed under the parent class.
The Gene Ontology terms assigned to this protein are listed if expanding the Gene ontology column. The length of the protein (amino acid residues according to Ensembl), molecular mass (kDalton), predicted signal peptide (according to a majority of the signal peptide predictors SPOCTOPUS, SignalP 4.0, and Phobius) and the number of predicted transmembrane region(s) (according to MDM) are also reported.
Q13177 [Direct mapping] Serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 2 PAK-2p27 PAK-2p34
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Enzymes ENZYME proteins Transferases Kinases STE Ser/Thr protein kinases MEMSAT-SVM predicted membrane proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Plasma proteins RAS pathway related proteins Disease related genes Potential drug targets Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
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GO:0000166[nucleotide binding] GO:0002223[stimulatory C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway] GO:0003300[cardiac muscle hypertrophy] GO:0003824[catalytic activity] GO:0004672[protein kinase activity] GO:0004674[protein serine/threonine kinase activity] GO:0005515[protein binding] GO:0005524[ATP binding] GO:0005634[nucleus] GO:0005737[cytoplasm] GO:0005829[cytosol] GO:0005886[plasma membrane] GO:0005911[cell-cell junction] GO:0006468[protein phosphorylation] GO:0006469[negative regulation of protein kinase activity] GO:0006915[apoptotic process] GO:0007165[signal transduction] GO:0008152[metabolic process] GO:0014069[postsynaptic density] GO:0016020[membrane] GO:0016043[cellular component organization] GO:0016301[kinase activity] GO:0016310[phosphorylation] GO:0016740[transferase activity] GO:0018105[peptidyl-serine phosphorylation] GO:0019901[protein kinase binding] GO:0030141[secretory granule] GO:0030296[protein tyrosine kinase activator activity] GO:0031267[small GTPase binding] GO:0034333[adherens junction assembly] GO:0035556[intracellular signal transduction] GO:0042802[identical protein binding] GO:0042981[regulation of apoptotic process] GO:0043066[negative regulation of apoptotic process] GO:0043408[regulation of MAPK cascade] GO:0045296[cadherin binding] GO:0046777[protein autophosphorylation] GO:0048010[vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway] GO:0048471[perinuclear region of cytoplasm] GO:0050731[positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation] GO:0050770[regulation of axonogenesis] GO:0051179[localization] GO:0051493[regulation of cytoskeleton organization] GO:0051497[negative regulation of stress fiber assembly] GO:0060996[dendritic spine development] GO:0070830[bicellular tight junction assembly] GO:0071407[cellular response to organic cyclic compound] GO:0071560[cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus] GO:0098978[glutamatergic synapse] GO:0106310[protein serine kinase activity] GO:0150105[protein localization to cell-cell junction] GO:2001238[positive regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway] GO:2001271[negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in execution phase of apoptosis]
H7C1X3 [Direct mapping] Serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 2
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MEMSAT-SVM predicted membrane proteins SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC RAS pathway related proteins Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
The Human Protein Atlas project is funded
