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General description of the gene and the encoded protein(s) using information from HGNC and Ensembl, as well as predictions made by the Human Protein Atlas project.
Gene namei
Official gene symbol, which is typically a short form of the gene name, according to HGNC.
Major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR alpha
Protein classi
Assigned HPA protein class(es) for the encoded protein(s).
Plasma proteins
Predicted locationi
All transcripts of all genes have been analyzed regarding the location(s) of corresponding protein based on prediction methods for signal peptides and transmembrane regions.
Genes with at least one transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, according to prediction methods or to UniProt location data, have been further annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are secreted or actually retained in intracellular locations or membrane-attached.
Remaining genes, with no transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, will be assigned the prediction-based location(s).
The annotated location overrules the predicted location, so that a gene encoding a predicted secreted protein that has been annotated as intracellular will have intracellular as the final location.
Gene information from Ensembl and Entrez, as well as links to available gene identifiers are displayed here. Information was retrieved from Ensembl if not indicated otherwise.
Chromosome
6
Cytoband
p21.32
Chromosome location (bp)
32439878 - 32445046
Number of transcriptsi
Number of protein-coding transcripts from the gene as defined by Ensembl.
Useful information about the protein provided by UniProt.
An alpha chain of antigen-presenting major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) molecule. In complex with the beta chain HLA-DRB, displays antigenic peptides on professional antigen presenting cells (APCs) for recognition by alpha-beta T cell receptor (TCR) on HLA-DR-restricted CD4-positive T cells. This guides antigen-specific T-helper effector functions, both antibody-mediated immune response and macrophage activation, to ultimately eliminate the infectious agents and transformed cells 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10. Typically presents extracellular peptide antigens of 10 to 30 amino acids that arise from proteolysis of endocytosed antigens in lysosomes 11. In the tumor microenvironment, presents antigenic peptides that are primarily generated in tumor-resident APCs likely via phagocytosis of apoptotic tumor cells or macropinocytosis of secreted tumor proteins 12. Presents peptides derived from intracellular proteins that are trapped in autolysosomes after macroautophagy, a mechanism especially relevant for T cell selection in the thymus and central immune tolerance 13,14. The selection of the immunodominant epitopes follows two processing modes: 'bind first, cut/trim later' for pathogen-derived antigenic peptides and 'cut first, bind later' for autoantigens/self-peptides 15. The anchor residue at position 1 of the peptide N-terminus, usually a large hydrophobic residue, is essential for high affinity interaction with MHCII molecules 16....show less
Biological process (UniProt)i
Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins because they are involved in a particular biological process.
HLA-DRA is one of the HLA class II alpha chain paralogues. This class II molecule is a heterodimer consisting of an alpha and a beta chain, both anchored in the membrane. This molecule is expressed on the surface of various antigen presenting cells such as B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, and monocytes/macrophages, and plays a central role in the immune system and response by presenting peptides derived from extracellular proteins, in particular, pathogen-derived peptides to T cells. The alpha chain is approximately 33-35 kDa and its gene contains 5 exons. Exon 1 encodes the leader peptide, exons 2 and 3 encode the two extracellular domains, and exon 4 encodes the transmembrane domain and the cytoplasmic tail. DRA does not have polymorphisms in the peptide binding part and acts as the sole alpha chain for DRB1, DRB3, DRB4 and DRB5. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2020]...show less
PROTEIN INFORMATIONi
The protein information section displays alternative protein-coding transcripts (splice variants) encoded by this gene according to the Ensembl database.
The ENSP identifier links to the Ensembl website protein summary, while the ENST identifier links to the Ensembl website transcript summary for the selected splice variant. The data in the UniProt column can be expanded to show links to all matching UniProt identifiers for this protein.
The protein classes assigned to this protein are shown if expanding the data in the protein class column. Parent protein classes are in bold font and subclasses are listed under the parent class.
The Gene Ontology terms assigned to this protein are listed if expanding the Gene ontology column. The length of the protein (amino acid residues according to Ensembl), molecular mass (kDalton), predicted signal peptide (according to a majority of the signal peptide predictors SPOCTOPUS, SignalP 4.0, and Phobius) and the number of predicted transmembrane region(s) (according to MDM) are also reported.
P01903 [Direct mapping] HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR alpha chain
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Predicted membrane proteins Prediction method-based Membrane proteins predicted by MDM MEMSAT3 predicted membrane proteins MEMSAT-SVM predicted membrane proteins Phobius predicted membrane proteins SCAMPI predicted membrane proteins SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins THUMBUP predicted membrane proteins TMHMM predicted membrane proteins # TM segments-based 1TM proteins predicted by MDM Plasma proteins Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
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GO:0000139[Golgi membrane] GO:0001772[immunological synapse] GO:0001916[positive regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity] GO:0002250[adaptive immune response] GO:0002376[immune system process] GO:0002469[myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation] GO:0002491[antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class II] GO:0002503[peptide antigen assembly with MHC class II protein complex] GO:0002504[antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II] GO:0005515[protein binding] GO:0005764[lysosome] GO:0005765[lysosomal membrane] GO:0005768[endosome] GO:0005783[endoplasmic reticulum] GO:0005789[endoplasmic reticulum membrane] GO:0005886[plasma membrane] GO:0006955[immune response] GO:0009986[cell surface] GO:0012507[ER to Golgi transport vesicle membrane] GO:0016020[membrane] GO:0019882[antigen processing and presentation] GO:0019886[antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class II] GO:0023026[MHC class II protein complex binding] GO:0030247[polysaccharide binding] GO:0030658[transport vesicle membrane] GO:0030666[endocytic vesicle membrane] GO:0030669[clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle membrane] GO:0031410[cytoplasmic vesicle] GO:0031901[early endosome membrane] GO:0031902[late endosome membrane] GO:0032395[MHC class II receptor activity] GO:0032588[trans-Golgi network membrane] GO:0032831[positive regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation] GO:0042605[peptide antigen binding] GO:0042608[T cell receptor binding] GO:0042613[MHC class II protein complex] GO:0043382[positive regulation of memory T cell differentiation] GO:0045622[regulation of T-helper cell differentiation] GO:0050870[positive regulation of T cell activation] GO:0050890[cognition] GO:0070062[extracellular exosome] GO:0098553[lumenal side of endoplasmic reticulum membrane] GO:2000516[positive regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation]
The Human Protein Atlas project is funded
