Subcellular - TUBB4B - The Human Protein Atlas

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TUBB4B

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Field

Cluster

Pathway

SUMMARY

TISSUE

BRAIN

SINGLE CELL

TISSUE CELL

PATHOLOGY

DISEASE

IMMUNE

BLOOD

SUBCELL

CELL LINE

STRUCTURE

INTERACTION

TUBB4B

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GENERAL INFORMATIONⁱ General description of the gene and the encoded protein(s) using information from HGNC and Ensembl, as well as predictions made by the Human Protein Atlas project.
Gene nameⁱ Official gene symbol, which is typically a short form of the gene name, according to HGNC.	TUBB4B
Gene descriptionⁱ Full gene name according to HGNC.	Tubulin beta 4B class IVb
Protein classⁱ Assigned HPA protein class(es) for the encoded protein(s).	Disease related genes FDA approved drug targets Human disease related genes Plasma proteins
Predicted locationⁱ All transcripts of all genes have been analyzed regarding the location(s) of corresponding protein based on prediction methods for signal peptides and transmembrane regions. Genes with at least one transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, according to prediction methods or to UniProt location data, have been further annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are secreted or actually retained in intracellular locations or membrane-attached. Remaining genes, with no transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, will be assigned the prediction-based location(s). The annotated location overrules the predicted location, so that a gene encoding a predicted secreted protein that has been annotated as intracellular will have intracellular as the final location.	Intracellular
Number of transcriptsⁱ Number of protein-coding transcripts from the gene as defined by Ensembl.	1

HUMAN PROTEIN ATLAS INFORMATIONⁱ Summary of RNA expression and protein localization based on data generated within the Human Protein Atlas project.
Main locationⁱ Main subcellular location(s) and reliability score(s) for the encoded protein(s) in human cells. The main location(s) may be characterized by presence in all tested cell lines and/or ihigher staining intensity compared to the potential additional location(s). If available, links to overrepresentation analyses in Reactome, a free, open-source, curated and peer reviewed biological pathway database, are provided. An analysis is done for the corresponding gene set of the proteome localizing to the main and additional locations of the protein on this page, respectively.	Localized to the Microtubules (supported)
Additional locationⁱ Additonal subcellular location(s) for the encoded protein(s) in human cells. The additional location(s) may not be present i all cell lines and may have lower staining intensity compared to the main location(s). If available, links to overrepresentation analyses in Reactome, a free, open-source, curated and peer reviewed biological pathway database, are provided. An analysis is done for the corresponding gene set of the proteome localizing to the main and additional locations of the protein on this page, respectively.	In addition localized to the Cytokinetic bridge (supported), Mitotic spindle (supported)
Single-cell variationⁱ Single-cell variations in protein expression levels or distribution observed between cells within the same images of human cells stained by immunocytochemistry.	Single-cell variation in protein expression observed.
Cell cycle dependencyⁱ Cell-cycle dependance of single-cell varations in RNA and/or protein expression as observed in an additional assay for characterizing single-cell varations. "NA" indicates a lack of such data.	Variation in transcript expression is correlated to the cell cycle.
Reliability scoreⁱ Overall gene reliability score for the subcellular location(s) of the encoded protein(s). The score indicates the level of reliability of the annotated protein localization based on agreement with available experimental gene/protein characterization data in the UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot database and presence of antibody validation assays for immunocytochemistry.	Supported
Antibodiesⁱ Antibodies used for this assay. Click on an antibody for more information.	CAB010880 , HPA043640 , HPA046280
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ASSAYSⁱ

RNA expression

Human cells

Single cell variation

RNA EXPRESSION OVERVIEWⁱ

Organ

Origin

Category

Expression

Alphabetical

Cell lines ordered by organ of phenotypic resemblance.

HUMAN CELLSⁱ

Summaryⁱ

Mainly localized to the microtubules. In addition localized to the cytokinetic bridge & mitotic spindle.

Main locationⁱ

Microtubules (supported)

Additional locationⁱ

Cytokinetic bridge (supported), Mitotic spindle (supported)


	Toggle channelsⁱ Buttons for turning on and off the different channels in the multi-color images. The intensity toggle shows the pixel intensity range in 16 different colors for the selected channel. The object toggle shows the computational segmentation of the cells used for further analysis in the HPA project. For samples where cell cycle dependency for the protein is suggested according to a correlation assay the predicted cell cycle position of each cell is displayed when using the object toggle.	Low High

Antibodyⁱ Antibody used for analysis. Clicking the antibody ID links to the antibody validation page.	Cell lineⁱ Cell line used for analysis. Read more about the cell lines in the Human Protein Atlas.	Cell line RNA Expression (nTPM)ⁱ RNA expression level in the cell line based on normalised RNA sequencing data. Genes with a value above 1 NX are considered to be expressed.	Locationⁱ Observed subcellular location(s).	Single-cell variationⁱ Observed single-cell variation(s) in the staining pattern. Variation in protein expression levels can be observed as varaiations in the intensity of the immunofluorescent signal, while spatial variations can be observed as variations in subcellular distribution of the protein.	Cell cycle dependent variationⁱ Cell-cycle dependance of observed single-cell varations in RNA and/or protein expression as observed in an additional assay for characterizing single-cell varations.
CAB010880	A-431	622.6	Microtubules
CAB010880	U-251MG	589.2	Microtubules
CAB010880	U2OS	793.1	Microtubules
HPA043640	A-549	910.7	Microtubules
HPA043640	A-549	910.7	Cytokinetic bridge	Yes	Intensity
HPA043640	HEL	171.4	Microtubules
HPA043640	HEL	171.4	Mitotic spindle	Yes	Intensity
HPA043640	U2OS	793.1	Microtubules
HPA043640	U2OS	793.1	Cytokinetic bridge	Yes	Intensity
HPA046280	HaCaT	1234.8	Microtubules
HPA046280	MCF-7	1111.7	Microtubules
			Cytokinetic bridge	Yes	Intensity
			Mitotic spindle	Yes	Intensity
HPA046280	U2OS	793.1	Microtubules

SINGLE CELL VARIATIONⁱ Assays for determining cell cycle dependency of RNA and protein expression, based on stainings in the U-2 OS FUCCI (Fluorescence Ubiquitination Cell Cycle Indicator) cell line, or a computational model for cell cycle position, or localization to cell cycle dependent compartments (e.g. mitotic spindle, cytokinetic bridge).
Summaryⁱ Summary of observed cell cycle dependency of RNA and/or protein expression. "NA" indicates a lack of such data.	Variation in transcript expression is correlated to the cell cycle.
RNA expression peak phase	G1
Intensity variationⁱ Location(s) where a cell-to-cell variation correlates with cell cycle progression.	Cytokinetic bridge, Mitotic spindle

RNA expression across cell cycleⁱ Assay for determining RNA expression level and cell cycle phase in single cells by single-cell RNA sequencing of the U-2 OS FUCCI cell line. Normalized RNA expression in individual cells is plotted along a linear representation of cell cycle pseudotime, as determined from the fluorescence intensities of the cell cycle markers.

Contact

The Project

The Human Protein Atlas

The Human Protein Atlas project is funded
by the Knut & Alice Wallenberg Foundation.

contact@proteinatlas.org